88 Rebecca Roeder
4 “[The relative degree of advancement caused by] point of articulation follows the
ordering palatal > apical > labial, velar” (Labov 1994: 100).
5 Although the words gamble, gang, thank and banker contain /æ/ in a pre-nasal
environment, they were removed from this part of the analysis in order to separate
nasal effects from velar effects, because the raising effects of velar consonants are
so strong.
6 Personal communication.
7 The number of words used was fairly small in this study, and all possible environ-
ments were not tested. Therefore, a lack of statistical signi¿ cance with regard to
the coarticulatory effects of any given environment does not necessarily consti-
tute conclusive evidence about that environment.
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