Western Civilization

(Sean Pound) #1
The Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern
Europe 190
Western Slavs 190
Southern Slavs 191
Eastern Slavs 191
Women in the Slavic World 191
The World of Islam 192
Islamic Civilization 194
Chapter Summary, Timeline, and Review 195

9
The Recovery and Growth of
European Society in the High
Middle Ages 198

Land and People in the High Middle Ages 199
The New Agriculture 200
The Life of the Peasantry 202
The Aristocracy of the High Middle Ages 202
The New World of Trade and Cities 204
The Revival of Trade 204
The Growth of Cities 207
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
TWOVIEWS OFTRADE ANDMERCHANTS 208
Life in the Medieval City 209
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
LIFE IN AMEDIEVALTOWN 210
Industry in Medieval Cities 211
The Intellectual and Artistic World of the High
Middle Ages 211
The Rise of Universities 211
A Revival of Classical Antiquity 213
The Revival of Roman Law 214
The Development of Scholasticism 214
Romanesque Architecture: ‘‘A White Mantle of
Churches’’ 216
The Gothic Cathedral 217
Chapter Summary, Timeline, and Review 218

10
TheRiseofKingdomsand
the Growth of Church
Power 221

The Emergence and Growth of European
Kingdoms, 1000–1300 222
England in the High Middle Ages 222
The Growth of the French Kingdom 224

Christian Reconquest: The Spanish Kingdoms 227
The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire: Germany
and Italy 228
New Kingdoms in Northern and Eastern Europe 229
Impact of the Mongol Empire 230
The Development of Russia 231
The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic
Church 232
The Problems of Decline 232
The Cluniac Reform Movement 232
Reform of the Papacy 232
Christianity and Medieval Civilization 233
Growth of the Papal Monarchy 233
New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals 233
FILM&HISTORY
VISION(2009) 236
Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages 237
Voices of Protest and Intolerance 238
The Crusades 239
Background to the Crusades 239
The Early Crusades 241
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
THESIEGE OFJERUSALEM:CHRISTIAN ANDMUSLIM
PERSPECTIVES 244
The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century 245
What Were the Effects of the Crusades? 245
Chapter Summary, Timeline, and Review 246

11
TheLaterMiddleAges:
Crisis and Disintegration in
the Fourteenth
Century 249

A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social
Crisis 250
The Black Death: From Asia to Europe 250
The Black Death in Europe 251
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
CAUSES OF THEBLACKDEATH:CONTEMPORARYVIEWS 252
Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval 254
War and Political Instability 256
The Hundred Years’ War 256
Political Instability 258
FILM&HISTORY
JOAN OFARC(1948)
THEMESSENGER:THESTORY OFJOAN OFARC(1999) 259
Western Europe: England and France 260

x Detailed Contents

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