Geometry: Archimedes and, 88; Sumerian,
14
Germania(Tacitus), 132
Germanic languages, 28, 29 (tab.)
Germanic peoples: Christianity and, 147,
150, 157, 159, 160; kingdoms of, 152–56,
153 (map); law of, 154–55; migrations by,
150; Rome and, 150, 165
German language, 181
Germany: absolutist states in, 366–67; Black
Death in, 251; Catholic Church in, 228,
232–33, 361; Charlemagne and, 174, 176;
convents in, 160; eastern Carolingian
Empire as, 181; electors in, 261;
Hohenstaufen dynasty and, 228–29; Holy
Roman Empire and, 228–29; Italy and,
228–29; Jews of, 253; Lutheranism in,
304–10; monarchy in, 228–29, 261;
Neanderthals in, 2; Peasants’ War in, 307;
politics in, 308–10; Reformation in,
306–7; religion in, 308–10, 359; Rome
and, 122–23,127,138; Slavs and, 230;
Thirty Years’ War and, 359, 361, 362;
universities in, 212.See alsoPrussia
Geta (Rome), 137
Ghent, 206, 209
Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo, 333
Gigas, Herman, 252
Gilgamesh (legendary king), 14
Giotto, 267, 268
Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride(Van Eyck),
291, 292
Giza, pyramids at, 19–20
Gladiator(movie), 136
Gladiatorial contests (Rome),135,135–36
Globalization, expansion and, 353–54
Globe theater, 381
Glorious Revolution (England), 376
Glosses (commentaries), 214
Gniezno, Poland, 190
Goa, Portugal and, 330
Godric (Saint), 208
Gods and goddesses: in Assyria, 38;
Egyptian, 18–19, 20, 21, 90; Greek, 67;
Jewish, 32, 91; in Mesopotamia, 7–8, 12;
Persian, 44–45; Roman, 138; Sumerian,
7–8
Gold: in Africa, 329; in New World, 351; for
trade, 207, 353
Golden age: of Dutch Republic, 372, 373,
380–81, 397 ; of Hellenistic science,
88–89; of Latin literature, 129–32; of
prophets, 32–33
Goliardic poetry, 215
Gonzaga, Francesco, 280
Good emperors (Rome), 125
Gospels, 141–42; of Mark, 157; of Matthew,
158
Gothic architecture,217,217–18, 218
Goths, 138, 150
Government: Aristotle on, 66–67; of
Assyrian Empire, 39; of Athens, 58–59,
60–61; of Austrian Empire, 368; of
Babylon, 10–11; of Carolingian Empire,
176; of Carthage, 102; as characteristic of
civilizations, 6; of cities, 207, 209; of
Egypt, 16, 17–18, 20; of France, 363–64;Germanic, 152–54; of Hellenistic
kingdoms, 82–83; Hittite, 29; of Inca
Empire, 336; of Italian city-states, 262;
Ottoman, 370; of Persian Empire, 39, 40,
43; Plato on, 66; of Prussia, 367; of
Rome, 98–99, 121, 147; of Russia, 369; of
Spain, 366; of Spanish America, 337; of
Sparta, 58; Sumerian, 8.See also
Monarchs and monarchies; Tyrants and
tyranny; specific locations
Gracchus family (Rome), 112–13
Grain, 163, 202; in Hellenistic trade, 85
Granada, 227, 294
Grand viziers (Ottoman), 370
Granicus River, battle at, 76
Gratian, 205
Gravitation: Archimedes and, 89; Newton
on, 391
Great Britain.SeeEngland (Britain)
Great Council (England), 224, 260
Great Instauration, The(Bacon), 398
Great King: Alexander the Great as, 77;
Hittite, 29; Persian, 44
Great Mosque of Co ́rdoba, 194
Great Northern War, 369
Great Pyramid (Giza), 19–20
Great Schism (Catholic Church), 264–65,
297
Great Wall (China), 344
Greco-Macedonian rulers, 80, 83
Greco-Roman culture: Christianity and, 138,
139; Muslims and, 194; religion and, 106;
Renaissance and, 274, 279 (map).See also
Greece (ancient); Roman Empire; Roman
Republic; Rome (ancient)
Greece, 2, 48–70, 50 (map); Archaic period
in, 54; Celts in, 82; city-states in, 54–59;
classical, 50 (map), 59–62, 283;
colonization and trade by, 55–56; culture
of, 62–70; Dark Age in, 51–54; decline of
states in, 62; Hellenistic world and, 74,
76, 80–81, 82–83, 87, 88; homosexual
ideal in, 70; Islamic thought and, 194,
194 ; Macedonia and, 74; military in,
54–55; Minoan, 49–51, 51 (map);
Mycenaean, 51, 51 (map); mystery cults
and, 90; non-Greek relations with, 84;
Persia and, 40, 42, 59–60, 62; Philip II
(Macedonia) and, 49, 74–76; religion and,
67–68, 90; revival of thought from,
213–14; Rome and, 95–96, 100, 103,
105–6, 111; trade in, 52; warfare in, 55.
See alsoAthenian Empire; Athens;
Hellenistic world; Ionia and Ionians;
Sparta
Greek language, 28 ; alphabet of, 35, 36
(tab.); in Byzantine Empire, 165; in
eastern Roman Empire, 125, 127, 142
Greek Orthodoxy.SeeEastern Orthodoxy
Greenland, 183
Greenwich, England, Royal Observatory at,
400
Gregorian chant, 236
Gregory I the Great (Pope), 156–57,157,
159–60
Gregory VII (Pope), 232–33
Gregory XI (Pope), 264Gregory of Tours, 147, 155
Guadeloupe, 346
Guaranı ́Indians, 349
Guatemala, 334
Guerrilla war, Assyrian, 38
Guilds: medieval, 211; universities as, 212
Guise family (France), 320
Gulf of Corinth, 49
Gulf of Mexico, 334
Gunpowder, 258, 270
Gutenberg, Johannes, 286
Guzman, Gaspar de.SeeOlivares (Count)
Habsburg dynasty: Austrian Empire and,
367, 368 (map); emergence of, 229;
empire of, 308; Holy Roman Empire and,
294–95; Thirty Years’ War and, 359, 361
Habsburg-Valois Wars, 308
Hadrian (Rome),120,121, 125
Hadrian’s Wall, 120
Hagia Sophia, 164, 164
Haiti, 333, 346
Hajj, 167
Hall of Mirrors (Versailles), 365
Hals, Frans, 397
Hammurabi (Babylonia), 10–11, 10 (map)
Handbook of the Christian Knight(Erasmus),
303
Han Empire, 121, 125
Hanging Gardens (Babylon), 40
Hannibal, 103
Hanseatic League (Hansa), 276
Hanukkah, 91
Harappa, 6, 6 (map)
Harold Godwinson (England), 222
Harvey, William, 394
Hastings, Battle of, 222, 223
Hatshepsut (Egypt), 23–24
Hattusha, Turkey, 29
Healing.SeeMedicine
Health and health care: medieval, 180–81.
See alsoMedicine
Hebrew Bible, 30.See alsoBible
Hebrew language, 10 (tab.)
Hebrews, 30–34; in Near East, 28.See also
Jews and Judaism
Hector (Troy), slaying of, 52
Hegira(departure), 167
Heliocentric view of universe, 88, 388,389,
390
Hellenic languages, 29 (tab.)
Hellenistic world, 82 (map); Celts and,
81–82; cities in, 83–84; culture in, 85–90;
defined, 74, 80; economy in, 84–85; Jews
in, 90–91; monarchies in, 81;
philosophies in, 89–90; political and
military institutions in, 82–83; religion
in, 90–91; Rome and, 103, 111; women
in, 85, 86.See alsoAlexander the Great
Hellespont, 62
Helots, in Sparta, 56
Henry II (England), 203, 223–24
Henry III (England), 204
Henry IV (England), 261
Henry IV (Germany), 228, 232–33
Henry V (England), 256
Henry VI (England), 258420 IndexCopyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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