[ 38 ]Perimortem Trauma. Authored by: Louise Loe.
Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology.
Online publication date: July 2016. Adobe ISBN:
9781315528922 Abstract: Perimortem trauma refers to any
injury or wound to the body, occurring around the time of
death, that may affect the bone and/or soft tissues (Roberts
1991 : 226 ). In a forensic pathology examination the
identification of any such lesions may indicate the cause and
manner of death, suggest how the body was treated during
the perimortem interval, and provide insight into its disposal
(Wedel & Galloway 2014 ). Such lesions can also influence
the decomposition of a body and so are factors in estimating
the postmortem interval (for example, Smith 2014 ).
Perimortem skeletal trauma may be identified as fractures or
breaks in the continuity of a bone that may pierce, divide,
crush, or penetrate the bone. Careful study of these changes
may assist interpretations made by the forensic pathologist
and/or anthropologist; it can serve to corroborate soft-tissue
evidence that may be used in court and, at the same time,
may highlight discrepancies in a case that may not be
indicated by soft-tissue change alone (Galloway 1999 ).
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/ 10. 4324 / 97813155
28939 .ch 24[ 39 ]High-temperature and “exotic” minerals from the
Cioclovina Cave, Romania: a review. Bogdan P. Onac, Dept.
of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa/Babes-
Bolyai. UniversityCluj-Napoca, Dept. of GeologyFollow.
Herta S. Effenberger, University of Vienna, AustriaFollow
Radu C. Breban, "Proteus" Speleo Club, HunedoaraFollow.
Abstract: This paper reports on the identification of four rare
minerals in the phosphate deposit in Cioclovina Cave,
Romania. Berlinite, AlPO 4 and hydroxyl-lellestadite,
a 5 [(Si,P,S)O 4 ] 3 (OH,F,Cl) are minerals that can form only at
high temperatures, and would not be expected in a
sedimentary environment. In this study we review the
characteristics of berlinite and hydroxylellestadite from a
heated sedimentary sequence in Cioclovina Cave (Romania)
and refine their structure from single-crystal X-ray data. Two
other minerals, churchite-(Y), YPO 4 ⋅ 2 H 2 O and foggite,
CaAl(PO 4 )(OH) 2 ⋅H 2 O are, for the first time, described
from a cave environment. The minerals were documented by
means of single-crystal X-ray investigations, X-ray powder
diffraction, and electron-microprobe (EMPA) analyses. In
gaddition, laboratory synthesis of belemnite was conducted
and vibrational spectroscopy data were collected for
hydroxyl-lellestadite and churchite-(Y). Based on these
investigations, we suggest that locally the heavily compacted
phosphate-bearing clay sediments underwent a natural
heating process. It is likely that in-situ bat guano combustion
is responsible for generating the high-temperature
environment needed for the genesis of berlinite andPleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel
Sahaba. Isabelle Crevecoeur, Marie-Hélène Dias-Meirinho,
Antoine Zazzo, Daniel Antoine & François Bon. Scientific
Reports volume 11 , Article number: 9991 ( 2021 ). Abstract:
The remains of 61 individuals buried in the cemetery of Jebel
Sahaba (site 117 ) offer unique and substantial evidence to the
emergence of violence in the Nile Valley at the end of the
Late Pleistocene. Excavated and assessed in the 1960 s, some
of the original findings and interpretations are disputed. A
full reanalysis of the timing, nature and extent of the violence
was conducted through the microscopic characterization of
the nature of each osseous lesion, and the reassessment of the
archaeological data. Over 100 previously undocumented
healed and unhealed lesions were identified on both new
and/or previously identified victims, including several
embedded lithic artefacts. Most trauma appears to be the
result of projectile weapons and new analyses confirm for the
first time the repetitive nature of the interpersonal acts of
violence. Indeed, a quarter of the skeletons with lesions
exhibit both healed and unhealed trauma. We dismiss the
hypothesis that Jebel Sahaba reflects a single warfare event,
with the new data supporting sporadic and recurrent episodes
of inter-personal violence, probably triggered by major
climatic and environmental changes. At least 13. 4 ka old,
Jebel Sahaba is one of the earliest sites displaying
interpersonal violence in the world.
http://www.nature.com/articles/s 41598 - 021 - 89386 - y
[ 37 ]PLOS is a nonprofit 501 (c)( 3 ) corporation, #C 2354500 ,
based in San Francisco, California, US. State of the art
forensic techniques reveal evidence of interpersonal violence
ca. 30 , 000 years ago. Elena F. Kranioti, Dan Grigorescu,
Katerina Harvati. Published: July 3 , 2019. Abstract: The
Cioclovina (Romania) calvaria, dated to ca. 33 cal ka BP and
thought to be associated with the Aurignacian lithic industry,
is one of the few relatively well preserved representatives of
the earliest modern Europeans. Two large fractures on this
specimen have been described as taphonomic modifications.
Here we used gross and virtual forensic criteria and
experimental simulations on synthetic bone models, to
investigate their nature. Both forensic trauma pattern analysis
and experimental models exclude a postmortem origin for the
Cioclovina fractures. Rather, they indicate two incidents of
blunt force trauma, the second clearly inflicted with a club-
like object. The magnitude and extent of the lesions and the
lack of signs of healing indicate a fatal injury. The Upper
Paleolithic period is noted for intensified technological
innovation, increased symbolic behavior, and cultural
complexity. We show that the behavioural repertoire of the
earliest modern Europeans also comprised violent inter-
personal interactions and murder.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id= 10. 1371 /journal.p
one. 0216718