GO rD hIll 500 Years of Indigenous resistance
Dutch settlements. The fighting along the Hudson River lasted until 1664
when the Dutch forced the Delaware nation into submission by kidnap-
ping Delaware children as hostages.
In 1675 the Narragansetts, Nipmucs, and Wapanoags, led in part
by Metacom (also known as King Philip by the Europeans) rebelled
against the colonies of New England following the English arrest and
execution of three Wapanoags for the alleged killing of a Christianized
Native, believed to be a traitor. The war ended in 1676 after the English
colonialists —making use of Native allies and informers—were able to
defeat the rebellion. Metacom was killed, and his family and hundreds
of others sold to slavers in the West Indies. The military campaign car-
ried out by the colonial forces decimated the Narragansett, Nipmuc,
and Wapanoag nations.
Meanwhile in 1680, a Pueblo uprising led in part by the Tewa Medi-
cine man Pope succeeded in driving out the Spanish from New Mexico.
By 1689, Spanish forces were able to once again subjugate the Pueblos.
By the late 1600s, the competition between European states would
dominate the colonization process in North America.