ADMINISTRATIONhundred and fifty thousand people, amounted to one hundred million
or one hundred and twenty-eight million dirhams.^99 At the same time,
the income from confiscated Sasanian crown lands (~awa{t al-istan)
amounted to only four or seven million dirhams.^100
A better idea of the revenues collected in all of Iraq is provided by
Ya'qiibi for the reign of Mu'awiya, when the taxes were again set
for those parts of what had been the Sasanian empire and which were
under the authority of the governor of Iraq. The total amount is given
as six hundred million dirhams which, significantly, is the same as the
eighteenth year of Khusraw Parviz. A breakdown of the figures shows,
however, that the Sawad paid one hundred and twenty million, western
Jabal (Mah al-Kufa and Mah al-Basra combined) forty million, Hul-
wan twenty million, and Mawsil forty-five million dirhams.^101 The
total of two hundred and twenty-five million dirhams from these prov-
inces, which reconstitute the Sasanian Quarter of the West, amounts
to slightly more than the tax Qubadh I is supposed to have collected
in the Sawad alone. It can therefore be suggested that the figure of
two hundred and fourteen million dirhams represents the tax on the
Quarter of the West rather than on the Sawad as such. This might
also seem more reasonable as a proportion of the total, but this solution
seems impossible because the division into quarters was accomplished
after Qubadh I by Khusraw Aniishirvan. The value of the annual
income from domain land reclaimed from the swamps in the Sawad
of Kufa by 'Abdullah ibn Darraj for Mu'awiya is given as either five
million^102 or fifty million dirhams.^103 Ya'qiibi tells us that the income
from all state lands in Iraq and its dependencies in the time of Mu'awiya
amounted to one hundred million dirhams in addition to the kharap04
Not only does this dramatically illustrate the extension of state prop-
erty and the importance of its income since the time of 'Umar I, but
since there does not seem to have been any such domain property on
the Iranian plateau and the only other important crown estates under
99 Abii Yiisuf, Khara;, pp. 41,170; Baladhuri; Futu~, pp. 170-71; Ibn Khurradadhbih,
Masiilik, p. 14; Ibn Rustah, A'liiq, p. 105. According to Abii Yiisuf, the 100 million
dirhams weighed a mithqiil apiece, which would total almost 150 million standard
dirhams.
100 Abii Yiisuf, Kharii;, p. 86; Baladhuri, Futu~, p. 273; Yal)ya ibn Adam, Kharii;,
p.54.
101 Ya'qiibi, Ta'r'ikh, 11, 277.
102 Baladhuri, Futu~,p. 291.
103 Ya'qiibi, Ta'r'ikh, 11, 258.
104 Ibid., p. 277.