ADMINISTRATIONDast-i Maysan, and Manadhir. The subdistrict called Bahman Arda-
shir was the immediate territory around the city of Furat. The lord
(Ar. $ii~ib) of Furat was taken prisoner by 'Utba ibn Ghazwan during
the conquest,215 although the accounts of the conquest seem to indicate
that Furat was less important at that time than Ubulla or Madhar.
Under 'Umar I, al-I:Iajjaj ibn 'Atik ath-Thaqafi was tax collector of
Furat.^216 By 695 Kuriiz ibn Malik as-Sulami combined the governor-
ship of Furat with that of Ubulla, and Furat was a mint city for post-
reform dirhams.^217
The subdistrict called Maysan was located just upstream from Bah-
man Ardashir.218 Madhar was the most important town in Maysan
at the time of the conquest and in the early Islamic period. The marzban
of Madhar, who was captured and beheaded by 'Utba ibn Ghazwan
during the conquest,219 may have been in charge of the entire kiira
rather than a mere subdistrict.
Early Islamic administration in Maysan was more fiscal than mili-
tary. An-Nu'man ibn 'Adi was 'amil of Maysan for 'Umar l,220 AI-
I:Iu~ayn ibn Abi I-I:Iurr is said to have been 'amil of Maysan from the
time of 'Umar I until the arrival of al-I:Iajjaj.221 Both Maysan^222 and
Madhar223 were mint designations for post-reform dirhams.
Although both Ibn Khurradadhbih^224 and Yaqiit^225 identify Dast-i
215 Tabari, Ta'rlkh, I, 2379.
216 Baladhuri, Futiil;, p. 385.
217 Baladhuri, Ansab, XI, 305; Walker, Arab-Sassanian Coins, pp. cxi, cxxxiii-cxxxiv.
218 According to al-Mada'ini there was a subdivision of Maysan also called Maysan
(Baladhurt, Futiil;, p. 344), and Ibn Rustah (A'laq, p. 95) speaks of the nal;iya of
Maysan in arrJ Maysan.
219 Baladhuri, Futiil;, p. 342; Dinawari, Akhbar at-tiwal, pp. 123-24; Ibn Sa'd,
Tabaqat, VII(1), 3; Ya'qiibi, Les pays, p. 166; Yaqiit, Buldan, IV, 468. Yaqiit calls
Madhar the qa§aba of Maysan, and Dinawari also tells of a marzban of Maysan defeated
by Mughira ibn Shu'ba.
220 Ya'qiibi, Ta'rikh, I1, 181; Yaqiit, Buldan, IV, 714-15.
221 Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat VII(1), 91.
222 Lavoix, Monnaies musulmanes, pp. 69, 92; Miles, "Rare Islamic Coins," Nu-
mismatic Notes and Monographs, no. 118 (New York, 1950), p. 27. Although Abaz-
qubadh or Abarqubadh is listed as one of the four subdivisions of Maysan or Shadh
Bahman (Baladhurt, Futiil;, p. 344; Ibn Khurradadhbih, Masalik, p. 7; Yaqiit, Buldan,
Ill, 227) and may be identical with the district which Ya'qiibi (Les pays, p. 166) calls
Izqubadh near Madhar, there is no information on its administration. Abarqubadh was
a mint for post-reform dirhams (G. Miles, "Abarqubadh, a new Umayyad mint," ANSMN
4 (1950), 115-20.
223 Walker, Arab-Sassanian Coins, pp. cxxxiii-cxxxiv, cxli.
224Ibn Khurradadhbih, Masalik, p. 7.
225 Yaqiit, Buldan, Ill, 227.