PEOPLEBanii Sa'd clan of TamIm.7^4 If 1:Iumran is typical of the position of
these former captives in early Islamic Iraq, the way other Arabs treated
him is significant. The Arab captives taken at 'Ayn Tamr had been
sedentary and little differentiated them from the Aramaean population
of Iraq. This merging of identities among the sedentary population is
reflected in a rebuke 1:Iumran received in 690: "Oh Ibn al-Yahiidiyya!
You are only a low-class NabatI who was taken prisoner at 'Ayn
Tamr."7S When al-1:Iajj~j became governor of Basra in 695, he con-
fiscated one hundred thousand dirhams from 1:Iumran, who com-
plained to 'Abd al-Malik. 'Abd al-Malik ordered al-1:Iajjaj to treat
1:Iumran well and to return his wealth, saying that "1:Iumran is the
brother of those who have passed away and the uncle of those who
remain. "76
Another of the captives taken at 'Ayn Tamr was SIrIn, who was
first the slave and then the mawlii of Anas ibn Malik. He, too, even-
tually returned to Iraq and settled at Basra. He is said to have been a
secretary and to have acquired land at Jarjaraya. His son, Mul}.ammad,
became a jurisconsult and a well-known second-generation transmitter
of early Islamic traditions.^77
In addition to death and deportation, the third way the Islamic
conquest changed the distribution of Arabs in pre-Islamic Iraq was by
settling the local Arabs who joined the Muslim armies and concen-
trating them in the new garrison cities of Basra and Kufa in southern
Iraq. This had the further effect of consolidating and unifying those
Iraqi tribes whose subgroups were now united and settled together. 78
The members of Taghlib, Namir, and Iyad who went over to the
Muslims at T akrit were encouraged to settle with the army at Mada'in.^79
The Arab tribes most closely associated with Hira, such as the Qu<;la'a,
Taniikh, and Kalb who joined the Muslims, did not settle in Kufa.
They settled in Basra where, as a small minority, they allied themselves
with the south Arabian tribe of Azd.^80 Representatives of Tayyi' also
settled in Basra as allies of Azd, blit most of them settled as a group
under 'AdI ibn l:Iatim in Kufa.^81 Of the RabI'a tribes, Bakr ibn Wa'il
74 Baladhuri, Fueu/J, pp. 247, 368; Ibn Qutayba, Ma'iirif, pp. 435-36; Ibn Sa'd,
Tabaqat, VII(l), 108; Tabari, Ta'rikh, 11, 801.
7S Tabari, Ta'rikh, 11, 80l.
76 Ibn Qutayba, Ma'iirif, p. 436.
77 Ibn Khallikan, Biographical Dictionary, 11, 586-87; Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqiit, VII(l), 88.
78 J. M. Jiidah, Al-'Arab wa-l-ar4fi-l-'Iriiq fi sa4r il-Isliim (Amman, 1979), p. 13.
79 Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 2482.
80 Pellat, Milieu ba~rien, p. 24; Tabari, Ta'rikh, I, 3180.
81 Pellat, Milieu ba~rien, p. 24; Ya'qiibi, Les pays, p. 143.