PEOPLEacross the Euphrates from Kufa.^23 'Amr ibn l:Iurayth seems to have
invested part of his fortune in a bath named after him and it is men-
tioned at Kufa in 685.^24
The building of baths at Basra began when that city was founded.
The earliest bath was built at Khurayba in the oldest part of the city.
Other early baths belonged to a mawiJ of Ziyad called Fil and to
l:Iumran ibn Aban. The third bath built in Basra belonged to Muslim
ibn Abi Bakra, who claimed that it brought him a daily profit of one
thousand dirhams and two kurrs of wheat. But once when he was
sick, he told his brother, 'Abd ar-Ra1).man ibn Abi Bakra, about the
profits from his bath, and 'Abd ar-Ra1).man obtained permission from
the authorities to build one of his own. The word spread and several
others, including 'Ubaydullah ibn Abi Bakra, Siyah al-Uswari, l:Iu~ayn
ibn Abi l-l:Iurr al-'Anbari, Rayta bint Ziyad and Lubaba bint Awfay
al-Jurashi, were also given permission to build baths. The result was
that when Muslim recovered from his illness, he found his profits
destroyed by competition.^25
EAST IRANIANS AND TURKS
East Iranian and Turkic people from Central Asia were already in
Iraq under the Sasanians, who transported them to the Mesopotamian
frontier to lessen their pressure in the east and to stiffen the Sasanian
border defenses against the Byzantines and Arabs. A group of people
called Qadishaye or Kadisenoi had been settled in the Jabal Sinjar at
the end of the Parthian period. In the fifth century they were still
pagans and in the early sixth century they raided the countryside along
with local Arabs. In the reign of Qubadh I they attacked Nasibin. By
578 some of the Qadishaye in the Sasanian army were Christians.
They disappeared by the end of the sixth century; but their name may
have survived in the village of Beth Qadshaye in Margha, which existed
in the seventh and eighth centuries.^26 There were eight hundred He-
23 BaladhurI, FutulJ, p. 281; TabarI, Ta'rlkh, 11, 957.
24 Tabarl, Ta'rlkh, Il, 656.
25 Baladhuri, Ansiib, I, 502; idem, FutulJ, pp. 353-54, 372; Ibn al-Faqih, Buldiin, pp.
188-89. Lubaba founded two lJammiims.
26 Budge, Rabban Hormizd, I, 183; n, 277; Dillemann, Haute Misopotamie, pp. 95,
97-98; Marquart, "Eransahr," p. 77ff.; Th. Niildeke, "Zwei Viilker Vorderasiens,"
ZDMG 33 (1879), 157-65; Peeters, "'Abd al-Masih," p. 279; idem, "Sainte Golin-
douch, Martyre perse," AB 62 (1944), 99; Thomas of Margha, Governors, I, 344-54;
11,599-615; Wright, Joshua the Stylite, p. 14. The Qadishaye are identified variously
as Kurds or Hephthalites.