RESOURCESKunstsammlungen 41 (1920): 1-24, 103-147. It was followed by
A. Pope et aI., "The Institute's Survey of Persian Architecture: Prelim-
inary Report on Takht-i Sulayman," Bulletin of the American Institute
for Iranian Art and Archaeology 5 (1937): 71-109. K. Erdmann's
"Die Entwicklung der Siisiinidischen Krone," Ars Islamica 15-16 (1951):
87-123, is based on coins and relief sculptures. A. Pertusi's "La Persia
nelle fonti bizantine del secolo VII," in La Persia nel Medioevo, pp.
605-35, identifies the main contemporary Byzantine sources for late
Sasanian symbols of monarchy. One may also consult G. Gnoli's "Po-
litica Religiosa e concezione dell a regalita sotto i sassanidi," on pages
225 to 253 of the same volume..
For Sasanian political ethics, one should see J. de Menasce's "Le
protecteur des pauvres dans l'Iran Sassanide," Melanges offerts a Henri
Masse (Teheran, 1963), pp. 282-87, which relies on primary materials.
Otherwise, traditional statements of practical ethics survive in Middle
Persian ardarz literature. Two such works were published by P. B.
Sanjana in Ganjeshayagan Andarze Atrepat Maraspandan Madigane
Chatrang and Andarze Khusroe Kavatan (Bombay, 1885). The Andarz
i Khiisrii i Kaviitiin was also published by Casartelli in "Two Dis-
courses of Chosroes the Immortal-Souled," Babylonian and Oriental
Record 1 (1887): 97-101. The andarz of Aturpat-i Mahraspandan
was discussed by F. Muller in Beitrage zur Textkritik und Erklarung
des Andarz i Aturpat i Mahraspandan (Vienna, 1897). The text of the
Pand-Niimak was published with a German translation by A. Freimann,
Pand-Niimak t Zaratust. Der Pahlavitext mit Ubersetzung, Kritischen
und Erlauterungsnote (Vienna, 1906). Six such texts were published
with English translations in J. Tarapore's Pahlavi Andarz-Niimak
(Bombay, 1933). There is a survey of Middle Persian andarz literature
in J. Tavadia's Die Mittelpersische Sprache und Literatur der Zara-
thustrier (Leipzig, 1956), pp. 103-11. Examples still in manuscript
form are noted by M. Grignaschi in "Quelques specimens de la lit-
terature sassanide conserves dans les bibliotheques d'Istanbul," fA
(1966), pp. 1-142. See also the comments of J. Asmussen in "Einige
Bemerkungen zur sasanidischen Handarz-Literature," La Persia nel
Medioevo, pp. 269-76.
Other vestiges of Sasanian political literature have survived. The
Middle Persian text published with an English translation by J. Tavadia
as "Sur Saxvan, or Dinner Speech in Middle Persian," fCOI 29 (1935):
1-99 contains a list of titles of major Sasanian officials. A lost Book
of the Crown (Tiij niimak) may be the basis of the anonymous Arabic