ADMINISTRATIONshirvan as composed of three registers: one for listing those who were
able to fight but needed weapons (Ar. dtwan al-muqatila), one for
stipends (Ar. dzwan al-'ata') listing names and riding animals presum-
ably for the amount of pay, and the muster roll itself (Ar. dzwan al-
'aY(j).89 The official who was responsible for these registers was prob-
ably called "the one in charge of men" (N.P. mardomanbadh). A
cavalryman is said to have received up to four thousand dirhams
annually. 90
The foundation of the first Islamic military dzwan at Basra by al-
Mughlra ibn Shu'ba in 637-38 with the help of the Persian nobleman
Payroazh was certainly inspired by Sasanian practice, although it was
not so elaborate at first and later developed modifications to suit the
realities of Arab military society. The basic principle was the same.
Income from the conquered territories was distributed to the veterans
of the conquest who settled in Basra by registering them in the dzwan
and paying them according to the rol1.91 Traditional versions of the
establishment of the military dzwan in Iraq by 'Umar I probably reflect
the extension of the system to Kufa by 641-42. Veterans of the con-
quest received two thousand dirhams apiece per year while local no-
tables who joined the Islamic administration and were registered in
the dzwan received one or two thousand dirhams apiece.92
The register was kept at the government compound (Ar. dar al-
imara) at Basra and from the beginning it was written in Arabic and
staffed by Arabs or by Arabized mawalz. Judging from references made
to the records from Ziyad's administration, which were preserved at
89 Tha'iilibi, Ghurar, p. 610; Ya'qiibi, Ta'rtkh, I, 186-87. The dtwiin al-'atii' seems
to be the same as the dtwiin an-nafaqiit.
90 Ya'qiibi, Ta'rtkh, I, 203; Zotenberg, Chronique, n, 229. Local notables are sup-
posed to have been in charge of lists of young men from which they procured recruits
for the infantry (L0kkegaard, Islamic Taxation, p. 169). Infantrymen performed gar-
rison duty and menial tasks on campaigns, and if they were paid at all they were
supposed to receive not less than one hundred dirhams.
91 Sprengling, "Persian to Arabic," p. 186. G. R. Puin, Der Dtwiin von 'Umar b. al-
Hattiib (Bonn, 1970) denies Sasanian influences and argues that the Muslim dtwiin grew
~ut of circumstances at Madina. But it is important to distinguish between the dtwiin
established by 'Umar at Madina, which distributed pensions and provisions to a non-
military population that included women according to how early one had converted to
Islam, and the stipends paid by the military d,wiins at Basra and Kufa in return for
military service.
92 Tabari, Ta'rtkh, I, 2540. Baliidhuri (Futu~, pp. 457-58) says that the Persian
notables were paid one thousand dirhams, while Ya~ya ibn A.dam, in Kitab al-Kharii;:
Taxation in Islam (Leiden, 1958), I, 51 and Ya'qiibi in Ta'rtkh, n, 176 say that they
were paid two thousand dirhams.