Calendars in Antiquity. Empires, States, and Societies

on a visit to Abdera, that each citizen appointed his own herald to announce the new month whenever he thought it began.^19 This ...

motion—duly endorsed and recorded in the text of the decree—that the next archon shall intercalate a second month of Hekatombaio ...

Irregularity The ability of politicians to tamper with the calendar by intercalating or suppressing days and months raises quest ...

Deviations from the true lunar month can be inferred from literary and epigraphic sources. Plutarch reports that the battle of M ...

Calendar disruption is also evident when calendars of different cities are correlated in epigraphic sources. Double dates reveal ...

Awareness that the Athenian calendar in the Classical period was irregular, mismanaged, and discrepant from the true lunar month ...

Regularity: the new moon As mentioned above, Meritt believed against Pritchett that the festival calen- dar at Athens (and elsew ...

suggest that the calendar month could be assumed to conform, to some degree, to the phases of the moon. In a scene set in the ea ...

98 BCEbetween Ephesus and Sardis, dated respectively 27 Taureon and 27 Daisios in the calendars.^53 Epigraphic evidence of calen ...

summer solstice; assuming this to reflect a rule that was adhered, in Athens, in practice, many scholars have inferred that the ...

Table 1.1. Ordinary (O) and intercalated (I) years epigraphically attested at Athens, arranged in continuous 19-year periods, la ...

Müller’s argument, however, is misleading and unsound. To begin with the later period (second centuryCE), his probability calcul ...

More recently Osborne (2008), (2009), following several earlier attempts by himself and other scholars, has reconstructed a list ...

Table 1.2. Ordinary (O) and intercalated (I) years epigraphically attested at Athens, third century BCE (after Osborne 2008; 200 ...

epigraphic evidence, of the regularity of Athenian intercalation and its possible conformity tofixed cycles remains entirely to ...

have been made on the provisional assumption that the month would be full (30 days). If the month turned out to be hollow, the 2 ...

advance, and that irregular tampering was not to be expected.^70 But this argument is weak, because in the context of a light-he ...

THE PRYTANIC CALENDAR Peculiar to Athens was the prytanic calendar (also known as the bouleutic calendar), introduced at the e ...

calendar for the fourth centuryBCEand later. In the period of the twelve prytanies (during the third and second centuriesBCE), t ...

prytanic calendar was prone to irregularities (both in thefifth century and from the fourth centuryBCEonwards). This assumption, ...