have 31 days) and that these days are consecutively and upwardly numbered,
unlike the days of Roman calendar months.^54 A similar sequence of num-
bers—i.e. lunar days—with peg holes is attested in the parapegmafrom
Puteoli, the Latiumparapegma, the Neapolitanparapegma,^55 and without
peg holes, in calendar (or‘parapegmatic’) inscriptions from Pompeii, Veleia,
and Ostia (the latter with the caption‘Lune’).^56 A number of lunarparapeg-
matahave also been found in Gaul, most notably one from the territory of
Nîmes, where the sequence of numbers from 1 to 30 has a moon crescent on
top, clearly designating it as lunar, and aparapegmamould from third- or
fourth-century Trier where each of the 30 peg holes is surrounded with what
may represent a lunar disk.^57 An inscription from Dura-Europos has images of
the seven personified planets and lunar day numbers from 1 to 30 headed with
the caption‘Luna’.^58 Something like aparapegma, possibly with lunar days, is
described in Petronius’Satyricon(30, 3–4):‘the other (board had inscribed)
the course of the moon and painted pictures of the seven stars, and which days
were good and which bad were marked by a peg that distinguished them’.^59 It
seems reasonable to conclude, therefore, that thelunadates in the funerary
and other inscriptions above-listed were determined with the help of lunar
parapegmata.^60
(^54) On thisparapegma see Degrassi (1963) 309 (no. 56), Rüpke (1995) 590–1, and Lehoux
(2006) 99, with discussion in Eriksson (1956) 17–25, Lehoux (2007) 16–17, 168–70. Its 4th-c.
dating should be treated as completely uncertain (ibid. 168).
(^55) Puteoli: Degrassi (1963) 310, Lehoux (2006), (2007) 158–60. Latium:CILvi. 32505,
Degrassi 300–1 (no. 49), Lehoux (2007) 32–5, 171–2. Neapolitan:CILx. 1605, Degrassi 307
(no. 55), Lehoux (2007) 173. The Latiumparapegmais of unknown provenance; it lists the days
of the week, nundinal days, season dates and lengths, and a fragmentary sequence of upwardly
numbered days.
(^56) Pompeii:CILiv. 8863, Degrassi 305 (no. 53), Lehoux (2007) 42–3, 173–4 (with complete
and separate lists of the days of the week, nundinal days, the days of the Julian month, and 30
consecutive days). Veleia: Degrassi 313 (no. 59), Lehoux (2007) 172 (marble plate with fragmen-
tary sequence of upwardly numbered days, and images of stars and moon crescents). Ostia:CIL
xiv. 2037, Degrassi 312, Lehoux (2007) 173. 57
Nîmesparapegma:AE2003: 1150 (comprising also the Julian calendar in full). Trier
mould: Rüpke (1995) 591 n. 95, Lehoux (2006) 101–2, (2007) 175–7; the significance of this
mould is that it shows thatparapegmataof this kind were produced on a large scale, presumably
in response to market demand (ibid.). The Rottweilparapegma(ibid. 178–9) is likely also to have
included a sequence of lunar days.
(^58) Ibid. 170–1.
(^59) Translation ibid. 41–2; see also Eriksson (1956) 40–2. The location of this board, hanging
on the doorpost of Trimalchio’striclinium,suggests perhaps thatparapegmataof this kind could
be used in private houses (unless the intention of this passage is, as elsewhere in the narrative, to
expose Trimalchio’s inappropriate pretensions). The Pompeii inscription (see above) was located
on a shop wall. 60
As already proposed by Eriksson (1956) 36–7.
Dissidence and Subversion 317