Calendars in Antiquity. Empires, States, and Societies

Index

360-day calendar,seeBabylonian calendar;
Indian calendars; Jewish calendars
Afghanistan 188;see alsoBactria
Alexander 64–5, 67, 238
Alexandrian calendar,seeEgyptian
calendar
Alexandrian cycle 392, 402–4;see alsoEaster
Anatolius 384–5, 391– 5
Anglo-Saxon calendar 149 n., 425 n.
Antioch 243, 251, 257, 284–5, 375
Council of 412– 3
Arabia (province) 236 n., 290– 2
Arabia, southern 44 n., 425 n.
Aratus 28
Arianism 411
Aristophanes 35–7, 44–6, 67
Aristotle 47– 8
Arles, Council of 395– 7
Armenia 179–81, 187– 8
Ascalon 250–1, 258, 289– 90
Asia (province) 252, 274– 84
astrology 86, 98, 318–22;see alsoBabylonian
calendar
astronomy,seeBabylonian calendar;
calendars (general); Greek calendars
astronomical dating 12, 76, 130–2, 177– 8
Astronomical Diaries 76–7, 88–92, 239
Athanasius 402–4, 406– 9
Audians 415– 6
Augustalis,Laterculus327 n.
Augustus 214–16, 222 n., 269–70, 273, 277– 9
birthday of 273, 275–9, 283– 8
month and day name 214 n., 278, 280
Avesta 177–8, 182, 188– 9

Babylonian calendar 71– 123
30-day months 86– 7
360-day year 87–8, 198– 200
in Achaemenid Empire 71–2, 93–4,
102 – 14, 120–3, 186– 8
in Assyria and neo-Assyrian Empire 71,
78 – 83, 95– 7
astrologers and kings 73–5, 79–83, 95–6,
100, 119– 20
and astrology 75, 78, 86, 98
and astronomy 77–8, 88, 93, 97–8, 115– 19
and communications 81–2, 85–6, 93–4,
96 – 7, 120– 1

cycles 99– 123

in economic texts 84– 8

intercalation 94– 123

in neo-Babylonian period 100– 2

new moon 76– 94

in Parthian period 114–16, 248–50, 255–8,

294 – 7

in Sasanian period 294– 7

in second millennium BCE 76, 94– 5

in Seleucid Empire 110–14, 234– 46

Bactria 93–4, 180–1, 185– 8

Bede,seeAnglo-Saxon calendar

Bennett, C. 214–6, 265– 6

Bickerman, E. 16–17, 20

Blastus 386– 7

Blois, F. de 175– 81

Boethusians 376– 7

Caesarea 251, 285

calendars (general):

defined 5–7, 159

civil and religious 10–11, 128

flexible andfixed 2–5, 15–16, 63, 167–9,

309, 330, 334–6, 352– 3

in great empires 4, 9, 93–4, 120–3, 168–9,

186 – 91, 223–7, 231–3, 424

lunar and solar 6, 16– 17

and culture 1–2, 19, 166, 226–7, 429

and politics 2–4, 29–31, 53, 63–70, 81–3,

119 – 23, 218–23, 254, 262, 277–8, 427–9;

see alsodissidence

and astronomy 12–15, 51–3, 115–19,

196 – 7, 217–19, 309–10, 365– 7

and social cohesion 1–2, 357–8, 372–5,

381 – 2, 398–402, 422– 4

Callippus 50– 1

Canopus, decree 137–42, 265, 268

Cappadocia 181–2, 187, 269– 71

Catania inscription 340– 1

catholicism 394–5, 399–402, 418–20;see also

orthodoxy

Censorinus 8, 20, 218

Choresmia 179–81, 187

Cicero 66 n., 219– 21

Clagett, M. 158

Coligny,seeGallic calendar

Columella 59, 318

conjunction (lunar) 27, 323, 334– 5