hellenic games were much more recent: the Pythian and Isthmian games were dated
back to “582 b.c.e.,” and the Nemean to “573 b.c.e.” See Purcell 2003, 28 – 29, on the
significance of the Panhellenic festival world for constructing time schemes that linked
the Greek world.
My thanks to Tony Woodman for tutorials on the soccer offside rule.
The bibliography on the foundation of the city is, needless to say, large. I have
found the following particularly helpful: Bickerman 1952; Classen 1963; Strasburger
1968; Schröder 1971, 57 – 94; Cornell 1975; 1983; 1995, chap. 3; Poucet 1985; Bremmer
and Horsfall 1987, chaps. 2 and 3; Gruen 1992, chap. 1; Wiseman 1995; Erskine 2001.
Against the view that Hellanicus, a contemporary of Thucydides, wrote of
Aeneas and Odysseus jointly founding the city, see Horsfall in Bremmer and Horsfall
1987, 15 – 16, with references; Gruen 1992, 17 – 18.
Purcell 1997 makes this point very clearly; cf. Bickerman 1952, 66 – 68; Cor-
nell 1975, 27; Horsfall in Bremmer and Horsfall 1987, 16, 18; Gruen 1992, 19 – 20.
See Bickerman 1952 for the motivation; a still very helpful collection of evi-
dence in Sanders 1908.
A catalogue in Sanders 1908, 317 – 19; discussion in Wiseman 1995, 50 – 54.
Schröder 1971, 57 – 94, is extremely valuable for an overview of the evidence for the
various foundation stories; cf. Horsfall in Bremmer and Horsfall 1987, chap. 2, for the
Aeneas legend in particular.
Della Corte 1976, 133; Piérart 1983, 51; Poucet 1987, 81; Wiseman 2002, 332.
Jacoby, FGrH97, Komm., 301.
As might have been expected from his name, “Four-Square.” And “Jackass”
to boot.
Poucet (1987, 81, 82, 85) well remarks that there are no hard and fast peri-
odization criteria in the Roman tradition, though the foundation was a nodal point of
discussion.
On Cicero’s tactics in De Re Publica2, see Feldherr 2003, 209.
My thanks to Tony Woodman for discussion of Livy’s agenda. Moles (1993a,
149), in the course of an otherwise excellent discussion, misinterprets Pref.7 to mean
that “it remains a plus if historical work can include the mingling of divine and
human.” For the role of the Romulus and Remus story in relations with the Greek East,
see the remarkable inscription from Chios (SEGXVI 486, from the late third or early
second century b.c.e.) that speaks in language close to Livy’s of how the story of the
twins’ parentage might be rightly considered true because of the courage of the
Romans (following the interpretation of Derow and Forrest 1982, 86).
Pelling 2002, 189 n. 1.
Good remarks in Fox 1996, 43.
Veyne 1988, 50.
Overview in Horsfall in Bremmer and Horsfall 1987, chap. 2.
notes to pages 86 – 88