Bettini, M., 2, 16
Bible, Hebrew: linear time in, 3
Bilingualism, Latin-Etruscan, 146
Biological rhythms, 4, 218n17
Birthdays, Greek, 278n76
Birthdays, Roman, 148 – 49, 278nn83 – 84;
as anniversaries, 156 – 58; Augustus’s,
149, 154, 155, 280n107, 281n122;
Caesar’s, 189; Caligula’s, 278n79;
Cicero’s, 150, 157; commemorations
of, 158, 189; D. Brutus’s, 149, 189,
278n83; in fasti, 189; in Julian calen-
dar, 151, 154 – 56; Livia’s, 156; M.
Antonius’s, 155 – 56; M. Brutus’s, 149,
278n84; Nero’s, 192; Ovid ’s, 157 – 58,
211; poems on, 158, 281n122; Pom-
pey’s, 148, 222n36; Virgil’s, 150
Blackburn, B., and Holford-Strevens, L.,
231n5, 279n89
Blundell, S., 270n118
Boardman, J., 72
Bodel, J., 290n66
Boëdromion (month), 10
Boundaries, human/divine, 122, 123
Bovillae, battle of, 140
Boyne, battle of, 151
Brundisium, birthday of, 148
Brutus, D.: birthday of, 149, 189, 278n83
Brutus, M., 189; birthday of, 149, 278n84
Buchner, E., 295n139, 296n140
Burkert, W., 91
Burrus, influence on Nero, 192
Caesar, Julius: authority of, 196 – 97;
birthday of, 189; building works of,
295n134; on Clodius, 273n9; consul-
ship under, 290n62; De Analogia, 197,
295n135; emulation of Alexander, 62;
in fasti, 203; first regnal year of, 31;
honors voted for, 188; invasion of
Britain, 63; Parthian campaign prepa-
rations, 239n109; Pliny the Elder on,
60 – 61; as Pontifex Maximus, 197;
rebuilding of Carthage, 145; reforms
of, 295n134; “the Great,” 63, 239n108;
universalism of, 60. See alsoCalendar,
Julian
Calendar, Gregorian: adoption in
Britain, 151, 279n91, 281n118, 295n132;
and Julian calendar, 150, 225n77; leap
years in, 278n87
Calendar, Julian, 6, 12, 101, 215; adjust-
ments to, 150, 295n138; anniversaries
in, 156 – 60; birthdays in, 151, 154 – 56,
279n92; in British colonies, 151;
Cicero on, 196 – 97; civil calendars
and, 198; civil time in, 193 – 94, 205;
days in, 158 – 60, 162, 163; in Eastern
empire, 209 – 10; effect on imperial
authority, 196 – 97, 296n140; fastiand,
167, 185; festivals in, 151, 153 – 54,
279n93; and Gregorian calendar, 150,
225n77; honorifics in, 188; impact of,
193 – 96, 204; imperial family in, 185 –
89; inauguration of, 152, 196; in Latin
West, 209; leap years in, 280nn103 – 4;
Livy’s use of, 257n197; months in, 153;
natural time in, 193 – 94, 205; parapeg-
mata and, 198, 296n142; Plutarch on,
295n133; recalibrations following, 151 –
52; role in religious reform, 189; role
in Roman identity, 210, 211; Romano-
centrism of, 209 – 11; and Romans’
time perception, 281n120; Scaliger
on, 193, 194; Suetonius and, 154, 197;
Varro on, 200 – 201, 207
Calendars: Aztec, 218n10, 299n188;
Chinese, 209; versuschronologies,
288n29; cities’, 9 – 10; civil, 198;
harmonization of, 10; Italian, 300n195;
lunar, 195; Macedonian, 225n77;
Muslim, 139; solar, 195; as time mea-
surement schemes, 193 – 96; World,
159, 282n131
Calendars, Greek, 17; archon’s, 195;
Athenian, 58, 195 – 96; calculation of- General Index