The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. Interdependence, Modernity, and Political Turmoil

(Joyce) #1
Jews and Turks in Germany after 9/11 · 93

Female Labour, ed. Anne Phizacklea (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983),
113–30. The Family Reunification Law of 1972 was part of a development policy
toward foreigners in Germany that would facilitate their integration. These de-
velopment policies were practiced in a few steps, including the introduction of
the Action Program for Foreign Labor in June 1973 and changes in child allow-
ances in January 1975. For detailed information, see Ulrich Herbert, A History
of Foreign Labor in Germany, 1880–1980: Seasonal Workers, Forced Laborers, Guest
Workers (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990).



  1. Martin Greve, Das Türkische Berlin von A–Z. Die Ausländerbeauftragte
    des Senats und Türkisch-Deutsche Unternehmervereinigung Berlin Branden-
    burg e.V., TDU (Berlin: Concept, 2001), 30.

  2. Gökçe Yurdakul, “Mobilizing Kreuzberg: Political Representation, Immi-
    grant Incorporation, and Turkish Associations in Berlin” (PhD diss., University
    of Toronto, 2006); see also Joppke, “Multicultural Citizenship in Germany.”

  3. Landesarbeitsamt, Statistisches Landesamt, Arbeitslosigkeit bei Türken
    Statistik eigene Berechnungen bei TBB (1997), http://www.tbb-berlin.de.

  4. Ingeborg Beer and Reinfried Musch, “Soziale Stadt: Berlin-Kreuzberg-
    Kottbusser Tor” (2000), http://www.sozialestadt.de/en/veroeffentlichungen/
    zwischenbilanz/2-berlin-english.shtml#2.

  5. European Forum for Migration Studies, “Beck Presents Report on the
    Situation of Foreigners in Germany,” Migration Report: Chronology of Relevant
    News and Occurrences in the Area of the Institute’s Work, February 2000, http://www.
    uni-bamberg.de/~ba6ef3/dfeb00_e.htm.

  6. Sabine Am Orde, “Türken Fordern Vorschule für Alle,” Die Tageszeitung,
    21 February 2002.

  7. Federal Government’s Commissioner for Foreigners’ Issues, Facts and
    Figures on the Situation of Foreigners in the Federal Republic of Germany, 19th ed.
    (Berlin, 2000).

  8. Barbara Lerner, “Don’t Call Them Arabs,” National Review, 30 January



  9. Interview with Vural Öger, 4 October 2005, Hürriyet Daily Newspaper, Eu-
    ropean edition, Almanya eki, 4 October 2005.

  10. It is important to note that the Turkish government’s pro-Israeli attitude
    does not necessarily reflect the beliefs and values of Turkish people toward
    Israelis and Jews. Many Turks are neither supportive of Israeli policies nor sym-
    pathetic to Jews. Also note that this pro-Israeli tendency of the government has
    recently changed to a pro-Palestinian one.

  11. Turkish Daily News, Electronic edition, “Israelis Concerned over PKK
    Revenge Attacks,” 18 February 1999; B. Rubin, “Turkey Is Israel’s Best Neigh-
    bour,” Jerusalem Post, 11 July 2001.

  12. Hürriyet Daily Newspaper, European edition, 15 November 2003.

  13. Migrantische Initiative gegen Antisemitismus, “Antisemitizmle Her
    Yerde Mücadele,” Jüdisches Berlin 6, no. 59 (2003): 4.

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