Jews and Turks in Germany after 9/11 · 93Female Labour, ed. Anne Phizacklea (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983),
113–30. The Family Reunification Law of 1972 was part of a development policy
toward foreigners in Germany that would facilitate their integration. These de-
velopment policies were practiced in a few steps, including the introduction of
the Action Program for Foreign Labor in June 1973 and changes in child allow-
ances in January 1975. For detailed information, see Ulrich Herbert, A History
of Foreign Labor in Germany, 1880–1980: Seasonal Workers, Forced Laborers, Guest
Workers (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990).
- Martin Greve, Das Türkische Berlin von A–Z. Die Ausländerbeauftragte
des Senats und Türkisch-Deutsche Unternehmervereinigung Berlin Branden-
burg e.V., TDU (Berlin: Concept, 2001), 30. - Gökçe Yurdakul, “Mobilizing Kreuzberg: Political Representation, Immi-
grant Incorporation, and Turkish Associations in Berlin” (PhD diss., University
of Toronto, 2006); see also Joppke, “Multicultural Citizenship in Germany.” - Landesarbeitsamt, Statistisches Landesamt, Arbeitslosigkeit bei Türken
Statistik eigene Berechnungen bei TBB (1997), http://www.tbb-berlin.de. - Ingeborg Beer and Reinfried Musch, “Soziale Stadt: Berlin-Kreuzberg-
Kottbusser Tor” (2000), http://www.sozialestadt.de/en/veroeffentlichungen/
zwischenbilanz/2-berlin-english.shtml#2. - European Forum for Migration Studies, “Beck Presents Report on the
Situation of Foreigners in Germany,” Migration Report: Chronology of Relevant
News and Occurrences in the Area of the Institute’s Work, February 2000, http://www.
uni-bamberg.de/~ba6ef3/dfeb00_e.htm. - Sabine Am Orde, “Türken Fordern Vorschule für Alle,” Die Tageszeitung,
21 February 2002. - Federal Government’s Commissioner for Foreigners’ Issues, Facts and
Figures on the Situation of Foreigners in the Federal Republic of Germany, 19th ed.
(Berlin, 2000). - Barbara Lerner, “Don’t Call Them Arabs,” National Review, 30 January
- Interview with Vural Öger, 4 October 2005, Hürriyet Daily Newspaper, Eu-
ropean edition, Almanya eki, 4 October 2005. - It is important to note that the Turkish government’s pro-Israeli attitude
does not necessarily reflect the beliefs and values of Turkish people toward
Israelis and Jews. Many Turks are neither supportive of Israeli policies nor sym-
pathetic to Jews. Also note that this pro-Israeli tendency of the government has
recently changed to a pro-Palestinian one. - Turkish Daily News, Electronic edition, “Israelis Concerned over PKK
Revenge Attacks,” 18 February 1999; B. Rubin, “Turkey Is Israel’s Best Neigh-
bour,” Jerusalem Post, 11 July 2001. - Hürriyet Daily Newspaper, European edition, 15 November 2003.
- Migrantische Initiative gegen Antisemitismus, “Antisemitizmle Her
Yerde Mücadele,” Jüdisches Berlin 6, no. 59 (2003): 4.