The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. Interdependence, Modernity, and Political Turmoil

(Joyce) #1

118 · Suzanne D. Rutland


Australian Jewry, the NSW Jewish Communal Appeal, and Leibler Investments.
I would like to thank Professor Encel for his assistance.



  1. Suzanne D. Rutland, The Jews in Australia (Melbourne: Cambridge Univer-
    sity Press, 2005), 58.

  2. Janis Wilton and Richard Bosworth, Old Worlds and New Australia: The
    Postwar Migrant Experience (Melbourne: Penguin Australia, 1984), 34.

  3. Andrew Markus, “Multiculturalism and the Jews,” in New under the Sun:
    Jewish Australians on Religion, Politics, and Culture, ed. Michael Fagenblat, Mela-
    nie Landau, and Nathan Wolski (Melbourne: Black, 2006), 94–95.

  4. Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Multicultural
    Affairs, “Australian Multicultural Policy” http://www.immi.gov.au/multicul-
    tural/ australian/index.htm.

  5. Nahid Kabir, Muslims in Australia: Immigration, Race Relations, and Cultural
    History (London: Kegan Paul, 2004).

  6. Australian Census, 2006. Cited at http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/muslimsin
    australia.html.

  7. Rutland, Jews in Australia, 148–49.

  8. Australian Census, 2006.

  9. “Nahid Kabir on Muslims in Australia,” Religion Report with David Rut-
    ledge, March 30, 2005, ABC Radio, http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/rel-
    rpt/stories/s1339989.htm.

  10. For example, in Turkey before 1930, the printing of books and general
    literacy were quite low. The traditional ̔ulemās in Turkey did not feel a need to
    explain their decisions and did not try to develop an understanding of Islam.
    See M. Hakan Yavuz, Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (New York: Oxford Uni-
    versity Press, 2003), 165.

  11. Christine Asmar, “The Arab-Australian Experience,” in Australia’s Gulf
    War, ed. Murray Goot and Rod Tiffen (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press,
    1992), 57–81.

  12. Jim McKiernan, John Cleary, John Laws, Khaldoun Hajaj, David Rut-
    ledge, interviewed by Lyn Gallacher, September 5, 2001, “Anti-Muslim Feelings
    Running High,” Radio National, email transcript.

  13. Abdullah Saeed, “Muslim-Christian Relations and Australian Muslims
    Post–September 11: Some Reflections,” in A Fair Go in an Age of Terror, ed. Patty
    Fawkner (Ringwood, VIC: David Lovell/Uniya, 2004), 22.

  14. Scott Poynting, “‘Bin Laden in the Suburbs’: Attacks on Arab and Muslim
    Australians before and after September 11,” Current Issues in Criminal Justice 14,
    no. 1 (July 2002): 44–45.

  15. See the Sydney Morning Herald, September 13, 2001, Australian, September
    15, 2001, Daily Telegraph, September 26, 2001, Sydney Morning Herald, October
    20–21, 2001, and Canberra Times, November 26, 2001.

  16. Australian, September 15 and 24, 2001; Sydney Morning Herald. According
    to Jewish leader Jeremy Jones, in one case “a mentally ill firebug” carried out
    the attack. Email correspondence, January 24, 2008.

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