118 · Suzanne D. Rutland
Australian Jewry, the NSW Jewish Communal Appeal, and Leibler Investments.
I would like to thank Professor Encel for his assistance.
- Suzanne D. Rutland, The Jews in Australia (Melbourne: Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 2005), 58. - Janis Wilton and Richard Bosworth, Old Worlds and New Australia: The
Postwar Migrant Experience (Melbourne: Penguin Australia, 1984), 34. - Andrew Markus, “Multiculturalism and the Jews,” in New under the Sun:
Jewish Australians on Religion, Politics, and Culture, ed. Michael Fagenblat, Mela-
nie Landau, and Nathan Wolski (Melbourne: Black, 2006), 94–95. - Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Multicultural
Affairs, “Australian Multicultural Policy” http://www.immi.gov.au/multicul-
tural/ australian/index.htm. - Nahid Kabir, Muslims in Australia: Immigration, Race Relations, and Cultural
History (London: Kegan Paul, 2004). - Australian Census, 2006. Cited at http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/muslimsin
australia.html. - Rutland, Jews in Australia, 148–49.
- Australian Census, 2006.
- “Nahid Kabir on Muslims in Australia,” Religion Report with David Rut-
ledge, March 30, 2005, ABC Radio, http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/rel-
rpt/stories/s1339989.htm. - For example, in Turkey before 1930, the printing of books and general
literacy were quite low. The traditional ̔ulemās in Turkey did not feel a need to
explain their decisions and did not try to develop an understanding of Islam.
See M. Hakan Yavuz, Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (New York: Oxford Uni-
versity Press, 2003), 165. - Christine Asmar, “The Arab-Australian Experience,” in Australia’s Gulf
War, ed. Murray Goot and Rod Tiffen (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press,
1992), 57–81. - Jim McKiernan, John Cleary, John Laws, Khaldoun Hajaj, David Rut-
ledge, interviewed by Lyn Gallacher, September 5, 2001, “Anti-Muslim Feelings
Running High,” Radio National, email transcript. - Abdullah Saeed, “Muslim-Christian Relations and Australian Muslims
Post–September 11: Some Reflections,” in A Fair Go in an Age of Terror, ed. Patty
Fawkner (Ringwood, VIC: David Lovell/Uniya, 2004), 22. - Scott Poynting, “‘Bin Laden in the Suburbs’: Attacks on Arab and Muslim
Australians before and after September 11,” Current Issues in Criminal Justice 14,
no. 1 (July 2002): 44–45. - See the Sydney Morning Herald, September 13, 2001, Australian, September
15, 2001, Daily Telegraph, September 26, 2001, Sydney Morning Herald, October
20–21, 2001, and Canberra Times, November 26, 2001. - Australian, September 15 and 24, 2001; Sydney Morning Herald. According
to Jewish leader Jeremy Jones, in one case “a mentally ill firebug” carried out
the attack. Email correspondence, January 24, 2008.