The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. Interdependence, Modernity, and Political Turmoil

252 · Rachel Maissy-Noy

27. See, e.g., ̔Ali Shalash, al-Yahud wal-Masun fi Miṣr (Cairo: al-Zahra lil ̓i ̔lan
    al- ̔|arabi, 1986), 34, hereafter Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt).


28. See, e.g., Zubayda ̔Aṭa, The Jews in the Arab World, 1:40–50.


29. ̔Abd al-Muḥsin, The Ancient History of the Jew s, 186.


30. Zubayda ̔Aṭa, Jews in the Arab World, 1:18; ̔Abd al-Muḥsin, The Ancient
    History of the Jews, 223; Ṭu ̔ayma, Between Religion and History, 463.


31. See, e.g., Muḥammad ̔Abdu and Khayriah Qasimia, Yahud al-Bilad al-
    ̔Arabiyya (Beirut: Marqaz al-Abḥath, 1971), 8–9.


32. Nariman ̔Abd al-Karim Aḥmad, Mu ̔amalat Ghayr al-Muslimin fi al-Dawla
    al-Islamiyya (Cairo: al-Hay ̓a al-Miṣriyya al- ̔amma lilkitab, 1996), hereafter
    Nariman, The Treatment of Non-Muslims; Faṭima al- ̔Amer, Ta ̓rikh Ahl al-Ḍimma
    fi Miṣr al-Islamiyya min al-Fath al- ̔Arabi ̓Ila Nihayat al- ̔Asr al-Faṭimi (Cairo: al-
    Hay ̓a al-Miṣriyya al- ̔amma lilkitab, 2000); Maḥasen Muḥammad al-Waqqad,
    al-Yahud fi Miṣr al-Mamelukia fi Ḍaw ̓ Watha ̓iq al-Geniza (Cairo: al-Hay ̓a al-
    Miṣriyya al- ̔amma lilkitab, 1999).


33. Sayyeda al-Kashef, Miṣr al-Islamiyya W ̓ahl al-Ḏimma (Cairo: al-Hay ̓a al-
    Miṣriyya al- ̔amma lilkitab, 1993), 150, hereafter al-Kashef, Islamic Egypt.


34. See Qasem, Jews of Egypt, 143–44; cf. al-Kashef, Islamic Egypt, 136.


35. Quran, sura Al-Anfal, verse 61. The translation here and in the next note
    were taken from Muḥammad Zafrulla Khan, Al-Qur ̓an (London: Curzon Press,
    1971).


36. Zubayda ̔Aṭa, Jews in the Arab World, 2:33.


37. Nariman, The Treatment of Non-Muslims, 46.


38. A collection of about five thousand documents which were preserved in
    the Santa Catherina Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula. These documents include
    purchase and selling contracts from the Byzantine period and the first years of
    the Arab conquest, bills of private property, and a Hekdesh document.


39. Zubayda ̔Aṭa, Jews in the Arab World, 1:112.


40. Qasem, Jews of Egypt, 91.


41. Qasem ̔Abdu Qasem, al-Yahud fi Miṣr Munḏu al-Fatḥ al- ̓Islami Ḥtta al-
    Ghazu al- ̔Uthmani (Cairo: Dar al-Fikr lildirasat wal-Nashr wal-Tawzi ̔a, 1987),
    39, hereafter Qasem, From the Muslim Conquest.


42. Qasem, Jews of Egypt: 108; Huwayda ̔Abd al- ̔Aẓim Ramaḍan, al-Yahud fi
    Miṣr al- ̓Islamiyya min al-Fatḥ al- ̓Islami Ḥtta al- ̔Asr al- ̓Ayyubi (Cairo: al-Hay ̓a
    al-Miṣriyya al- ̔amma lilkitab, 2001): 149–150.


43. Qasem, From the Muslim Conquest, 24.


44. See, e.g., ̔Abdu ̔Ali ̔Arafa, The Jews’ Binder: 122–147; Shalash, The Free-
    masons in Egypt, 135–46.


45. Aḥmad Ghunem and Aḥmad Abu Kaff, al-Yahud wal-Haraka al-Sahyuni-
    yya fi Miṣr (Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1969), 62–67.


46. Ibid., 27–43; Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt, 141; ̔Abdu ̔Ali ̔Arafa,
    Yahud Miṣr min ̔Ahd al-Fara ̔ina Ḥatta ̔Aam 2000 (Cairo: al-Hay ̓a al-Miṣriyya
    al- ̔amma lilkitab, 2000), 203–32.


47. Shalash, The Freemasons in Egypt, 9.