Sharing the Same Fate: Muslims and Jews of the Balkans · 71
Avigdor Levy, “The Siege of Edirne (1912–1913) as Seen by a Jewish Eye-
witness: Social, Political, and Cultural Perspectives,” in Jews, Turks, Ottomans,
ed. Levy, 153–93.
Ibid., 191.
For the Jewish migrants and scholars who came to Turkey, see Arnold Re-
isman, Turkey’s Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Ataturk’s Vision (Wash-
ington, D.C.: New Academia, 2006); Stanford J. Shaw, Turkey and the Holocaust
(New York: New York University Press, 1993); Frank Tachau, “German Jewish
Emigrés in Turkey,” in Jews, Turks, Ottomans, ed. Avigdor Levy, 233–45.
After the establishment of Israel, between 1948 and 1951, 34,547 Jews, 40
percent of the Jewish population, migrated to Israel; 27,473 Jews of Turkey also
migrated to Israel between 1951 and 2001; 3,000 of them returned to Turkey.
There were 20,000–25,000 Jews in Turkey in 2003. Şule Toktaş, “Turkey’s Jews
and Their Immigration to Israel,” Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 3 (May 2006):
505–19.
Steven Bowman, “Greek and Jewish Nationalism in the Balkans in the
Nineteenth Century,” in Last Ottoman Century, ed. Rozen, 2:23.
Erhan, Yunan Toplumunda, 30–32.
Shaw, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, 205–206.
Erhan, Yunan Toplumunda, 43–45.
Ibid., 46–59, 66–73.
Ayşe Nükhet Adiyege, Yunanistan Sınırları İçinde Müslüman Cemaat Örgüt-
lenmeleri: Cemaat-i İslamiyeler 1913–1998 (Ankara: SAEMK, 2001).
Halit Eren, Batı Trakya Türkleri (Istanbul, 1997), 159. For the migrations
from Greece to Turkey, also see Hikmet Öksüz, Batı Trakya Türkleri (Çorum:
Karam Yayıncılık, 2006), 57–94.
Lebel, “Evaluation of the Serbian State,” 48–65.
Ibid., 64–65.
Ivo Goldstein, “Types of Anti-Semitism in the Territory of Former Yugo-
slavia, 1918–2000,” in Jews and Slavs, ed. Moskovich et al., 12:9–18.
Lebel, “Evaluation of the Serbian State,” 64–65.
Goldstein, “Types of Anti-Semitism,” 9–18.
Estimations range from 65,000 to 300,000 for the period of 1879–1910. See
Popovic, Balkanlarda Islam, 195–97.
Ibid., 224–96.
Zlatka Dizdarevic, Sarajevo, a War Journal (New York: Fromm Interna-
tional, 1993), 135–37.
Stephen Schwartz, Sarajevo Rose: A Balkan Jewish Notebook (London:
SAQI/Bosnian Institute, 2005), 44–45.
Carol Iancu, Jews in Romania, 1866–1919: From Exclusion to Emancipation,
trans. Carvel de Bussy (Boulder: East European Monographs; New York: Dis-
tributed by Columbia University Press, 1996), 24–172.
