A Companion to Mediterranean History

188 emilie savage-smith

Awlas

Ghalijashka

Franks

THE MAGHREB

Alexandria

Damietta

Acre

Beirut

Tarsus

Antalya

Cyprus

Crete

Sicily

Gibraltar

AL-ANDALUS

S

W

N

Rome

River Jayhan

River Sayhan River Baradan

BYZANTIUM

Constantinople

‘GULF’ OF CONSTANTINOPLE

Bashkunish

Figure 12.2 Map of the Mediterranean Sea from the treatise by al-Iṣṭakhrı̄ (d. c. 961).
London, Khalili Collection, MS 972, fol. 29a (copied 1306 ce/706 h). © Nour Foundation,
courtesy of the Khalili Family Trust.