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Lovejoy, P.E. (2000) Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
McCormick, M. (2001) Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, ce
300–900, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pétré-Grenouilleau, O. (2004) Les traits négrières: Essais d’histoire globale, Paris: Gallimard.
Rio, A. (2009) Legal Practice and the Written Word in the Early Middle Ages: Frankish Formulae,
c. 500–1000, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stella, A. (2000) Histoires d’esclaves dans la péninsule ibérique, Paris: Éditions de l’EHESS.
Toledano, E.R. (1982) The Ottoman Slave Trade and its Suppression, 1840–1890, Princeton
N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Vincent, B. (2003) L’esclavage moderne en Péninsule Ibérique, in Balance de la historiografía
modernista 1973–2001. Actes del VI coloquio de metodología aplicada. Homenaje al profesor
Antonio Eiras Roel (eds D.L. González Lopo and R.J. López), Santiago de Compostela:
Xunta de Galicia, pp. 445–452.
Further ReadingAndreau, J. and Descat, R. (2011) The Slave in Greece and Rome (trans. M. Leopold),
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Bradley K. (1994) Slavery and Society at Rome, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, R.C. (2003) Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the
Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Epstein, S.A. (2001) Speaking of Slavery: Color, Ethnicity, and Human Bondage in Italy, Ithaca:
Cornell University Press. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Garnsey, P. (1996) Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to Augustine, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Gordon, M. (1998) Slavery in the Arab World, New York: New Amsterdam Books.
Harper, K. (2011) Slavery in the late Roman World, AD 275–425, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Pétré-Grenouilleau, O. (ed.) (2010) Dictionnaire des esclavages, Paris: Larousse.
Phillips, W.D. (1985) Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade, Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press.
Rio, A. (2009) Legal Practice and the Written Word in the Early Middle Ages: Frankish Formulae,
c. 500–1000, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rotman, Y. (2009) Byzantine Slavery and the Mediterranean World, Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
Stella, A. and R. Botte, R. (eds) (2012) Couleurs de l’esclavage sur les deux rives de la Méditerranée
(Moyen Age-XXe siècle), Paris: Karthala.
Toledano, E.R. (1998) Slavery and abolition in the Ottoman Middle East, Seattle: University of
Washington Press.
Zilfi, M. (2010) Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.