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Further ReadingCremona, J. (1997) “Acciocch’ ognuno le possa intendere”: The use of Italian as a lingua
franca on the Barbary Coast of the seventeenth century. Evidence from the English. Journal
of Anglo-Italian Studies [Malta], 5: 52–69.
On the use of Italian as bureaucratic language at the French consulate at Tunis, by the
scholar who first studied the Italian-language documents in this important archive.
Cremona, J. (2002) Italian-based lingua francas around the Mediterranean, in Multilingualism
in Italy: Past and Present (eds A.L. Lepschy and A. Tosi), Oxford: Legenda, pp. 24–30.
A broad look at the life of Italian throughout the Mediterranean; compares Italian outside
Italy to the lingua franca.
de Sosa, A.(2011) An Early Modern Dialogue with Islam: Antonio de Sosa’s Topography of Algiers
(1612) (ed. M.A. Garcés) (trans. D. de Armas Wilson), Notre Dame: University of Notre
Dame Press.
The most detailed and liveliest account of life as a captive in the bagnio of Algiers.
Kahane, H, and Tietze, R. and A. (1958) The Lingua Franca in the Levant: Turkish Nautical
Terms of Italian and Greek Origin, Urbana: University of Illinois.
A fascinating study of the trans-lingual life of nautical terminology.
Schuchardt, H. (1980) The lingua franca, in Pidgin and Creole Languages: Selected Essays by
Hugo Schuchardt (ed. and trans. G.G. Gilbert), London and New York: Cambridge University
Press, pp. 65–88.
A seminal essay: The first modern linguistic study of lingua franca (originally published in
German in 1906). Though outdated, it has historical interest, and raises important
(and still unanswered) questions about the language.
Selbach, R. (2008) The superstrate is not always the lexifier: Lingua franca in the Barbary
Coast, 1530–1830, in Roots of Creole Structures: Weighing the contribution of substrates and
superstrates (ed. S. Michaelis), Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 29–58.
Takes up one of the most puzzling questions posed by the lingua franca: why would Arab
slave-masters, corsairs and customs officials learn the language of a subject population—
slaves, captives, pilgrims and tourists—in order to do business with them?
Thomason, S.G. and Elgibali, A. (1986) Before the lingua franca: Pidginized Arabic in the
eleventh century A.D. Lingua, 68: 317–49.
Linguistic study of an Arabic-based pidgin; an intriguing point of comparison for the lingua
franca.