478 index
gold (cont'd)
coinage, 83, 230, 429, 43
demand for, 269
Goody, J., 238–239
Grand Tour, 129, 282
grape vines, 33
guano, collection of, 230
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Mediterranean resonance, 307–308
sources of material for, 296–297
Hapsburg empire, 96
Hasluck, F.W., 383–384
Henry the Navigator, Prince, 419
heritage, politics of, 122–126, 291
Hesiod, 62
Homer
Homeric poems and hymns, 71–72, 142,
176–177
honor and shame, 111–113
Hübner, S., 239–240, 244–245
hummus, 124
Huntington, E., 15, 20
in historiography, 4–5
hybridity, cultural
in art and architecture, 302
definition, 345
Hellenism, 356
and hermits, 348
and medieval Christianity, 357
Mediterranean peculiarities, 354
and mixed marriages, 352, 354
and purity, 355
religion and, 355–356, 385
and Romans, 356
in Transylvanian rugs, 287
Hyksos, 55
Ibn Khaldun, 82, 210
identity, national, 362
Indian Ocean
and disease, 252
economic zone, 79
European entry into, 195, 428
geology, 11
Jews in, 399, 401, 402
in maps, 461
Muslims and, 85
Omani empire, 151
Ottomans in, 453
routes across, 458
size of, 458
as “zone of peace,” 470
Indian Ocean trade with the Mediterranean,
33, 37, 86, 252
Abbasid, 468
costs, 467
evidence for, 459–460
and migration, 469
luxuries, 465–466
Roman, 466–467
routes, 462–463
see also silk roads; rhinoceros
Iron Age, 52
Istanbul, provisioning of, 95, 97
Islam
conquests of, 36, 79, 83, 452
and Mediterranean economy, 79–80,
81, 83
islands, Mediterranean, 68, 140, 144,
151–152
in maps, 192–193
Italy, city states of, and Mediterranean,
81–82, 84, 94–95, 97, 271
piracy of, 142
Italy, modern, and Mediterranean, 148
ivory carving, 308Jacob ben Meir Tam, rabbi, 394
Jerusalem, 339, 369, 418, 437, 438
in cartography, 185
Church of Holy Sepulcher, 385
holy sites in, 346, 379, 384, 385,
392, 393
as inland center, 115
religious significance of, 354–355, 357,
394, 395
visual culture of, 306
Jews, of the Mediterranean
in Byzantium, 368
and credit, 370
culture regionalized, 397
diaspora, late antique, 393
expulsions, 370–371
and Great Sea, 392
living in caves, 224
as merchants, 399
migrations, early modern, 401–402
as minorities, 361, 363–364, 365
under Ottomans, 402
violence against, 370
see also under Mediterranean Sea, seafaring