index 479
Kakaw/Gao kingdom, 429, 434
Kalila and Dimna, 317, 319, 323
klimata, 190
Kopytoff, I., 282
labor, mobility of, 63
Ladino, 346
Las Meninas, Velázquez, 309–10
law, maritime, 87
Leo Africanus, 350–351
Leonardo da Vinci, 291
Levant, 49, 51, 53
Libya
ancient, 210, 220, 224, 228, 319, 426,
431–432, 430
modern, 1–2, 112, 148 286
lingua franca
alternative terms, 331–332
derivation, 331
descriptions, 333
dictionaries, 338
evidence, 330, 339–340
facilitates trade, 330
functions, 332
lexical plasticity, 334
not creolized, 334
origins, 332–333, 334
record of, 335–337
survival in nineteenth century, 340
use in trade, 341
literature, Mediterranean
captivity narratives, 323
concept of, 314
and text networks, 316
and the “Turk,” 324
Little Ice Age, 15
Lock of Berenice, Callimachus, 318–319
Lombard, M., 79–80
Maimonides, Moses ben Maimon, 394, 401,
402
Mahan, A.T., 140–141
Majorca, Catalan kingdom of, 146
Makuria, Christian kingdom of, 436–438
Mali empire, 431
Malta, 224
maps of the Mediterranean
Balkhı̄ school, 186–189
Hereford world map, 186
Isidore world map, 186
Ottoman, 194–195
Peutinger map, 186
purposes of, 184
T–O type, 184–185
see also Book of Curiosities; Al-Idrisi;
klimata; portolan; rhumb line
maqama, 318
marriage pattern, “Mediterranean,” 235–238
Marseilles
in antiquity, 68, 144, 288, 347, 413
early modern, 97, 100, 102, 420
in literature, 321, 325
longue durée, 69
medieval, 31, 79
modern, 147
material culture
approaches to, 281–282
beds, 285
cod-pieces, 290–291
dress, 290
from inventories of wills, 284–285
and museums, 282–283
rugs, 286–287
seating, 285–286
“Mediterranean diet,” 2–3, 123–124
“Mediterranean” identity, 127–128
commodified, 132
“Mediterranean noir,” crime fiction, 325
Mediterranean region, 2–3
apparent continuities in, 111, 129
as culture area, 1, 4–5, 61, 125–126
distinctiveness, 412
earliest hominins in, 46
early modern decline of, 98–100, 210,
414
ecological diversity of, 61–62
edges of, 68–69, 71
in Middle Ages, 77–78
as peripheral to Europe, 109–110
supposed end of, 3, 56
urbanization, 443–444
Mediterranean Sea
geology, 11, 56
rabbinic views of, 394–398
sub-basins, 13
Mediterraneanism, 2–3, 112, 123, 403
metallurgy, 288–289
Michael, Archangel, 221
Michiel, B., 323, 351
migrations
and Africa, 430
Asian, 451, 461, 469