482 index
sea-power in the Mediterranean (cont'd)
Roman, 69, 71, 157
see also Britain; France; Ottomans
Seljuks, 452
settlement patterns
cycles of growth, 211
distinctive Mediterranean features,
216–217
evidence for, 203–204
fissioning, 204
prehistoric, 212
settlement size, constraints on, 204–205
settlements, Mediterranean
overseas, 69, 72
space syntax of, 215–216
Seven Sages of Rome, 316, 321
shipbuilding, technology of,
bilge pump, 158
Byzantine, 159–160
caravel, 418
changing hull and prow shape, 156–160
evidence for technology of, 154
introduction of sails, 155
keels, 155
lateen sail, 160, 165, 418
mortise-and-tenon joint, 158–159
proto master-frame, 159
rams, 157, 160
rigging, 157–158
rudder, 164–165
sounding weights, 156, 163
steam, 167
see also caravel; carrack; cog; dromōn;
galley; trireme
shipwrecks, evidence of, 53–54
Sicily, 1–2, 48, 150–151
Norman rule in, 302–304, 369
silk production
Byzantine, 35–36, 290
consumption in Italy, 290
and visual culture, 308–309
silk roads, 442, 447, 451, 457, 458
slavery, Mediterranean
in ancient Near East, 265
in antiquity, 63, 177, 356
Byzantine, 268–270
and ethnicity, 276
historiography and definition, 263–264
Islamic, 178, 268, 270, 271
juridical status, 266, 273
Mamluks, 271
medieval European, 271–273, 369
Ottoman, 273
and piracy, 67, 171, 175, 178, 181–182,
321
and religion, 180–181, 321
in Roman empire, 266–267
transport of, 80, 85
types of, 265
slaves, trade in
abolition, 275
Atlantic, 274
early medieval, 269
early modern, 272–274
Iberia as hub, 272
to Indian Ocean, 469–470
late medieval, 271
scale of, 276
see also Delos
Smith, Adam, 92
southernization, of Indian subcontinent, 449
souvenirs, 127, 291–292
Spain, and early modern Mediterranean,
420–421
spices, trade in, 79, 84–86, 93, 96, 98, 162,
254, 400, 417, 422, 450, 465, 467–468
steppes, central Asian, 441
Suez Canal, 147, 348
sugar cane, 38
syncretism
in Jewish converso religion, 346
resistance to, 352Tabak, F., 99–100, 108
Tadmakka, southern Sahara, 433
Tale of Four Captives, 397
Tethys ocean, 11, 56, 71
Thailand, 126–127
thalassocracy, see sea-power
Thomas, apostle, in India, 460
Thucydides, 139
tiger mosquito, 252
tolerance in the Mediterranean, 116
tombs, in caves, 220
tourism, 118, 126–127, 130, 388
towers, rural stone, 214
trade in the Mediterranean
and Atlantic powers, 422
Bronze age copper, 288
declining Islamic control of, 85
early medieval depression in, 79–80, 449
medieval, 83–85, 399–401, 449–450