Hybridity,Hapiru, and Ethnicity in 2nd MillenniumBCEWestern Asia 157Yurco, Frank J. 1997. “Merneptah’s Canaanite Campaign and Israel’s Origins.” In Ernest
S. Frerichs and Leonard H. Lesko, eds.,Exodus: The Egyptian Evidence, 27–55. Winona Lake,
IN: Eisenbrauns.
FURTHER READINGKamp, Kathryn A. and Norman Yoffee. 1980. “Ethnicity in Ancient Western Asia During the
Early Second MillenniumB.C.: Archaeological Assessments and Ethnoarchaeological Perspec-
tives.”Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 237: 85–104. Groundbreaking and
influential study of ethnicity in second millenniumBCEwestern Asia.
Killebrew, Ann E. 2005a.Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians,
Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300–1100B.C.E. Archaeology and Biblical Studies 9.
Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. A recent publication that examines the question of eth-
nicity and the identity of late second millennium peoples.
Rainey, Anson F. 1995. “Unruly Elements in Late Bronze Canaanite Society.” In David P. Wright,
David Noel Freedman, and Avi Hurvitz, eds.,Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Bibli-
cal, Jewish, and Near Eastern Ritual, Law, and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom, 481–96.
Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. Insightful investigation of thehapiruand other second millen-
niumBCEentities that are depicted in the textual record as groups living on the fringes of Late
Bronze Age society.
Stockhammer, Philipp W. 2012 (ed.).Cultural Hybridization: A Transdisciplinary Approach.
Transcultural Research—Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Hei-
delberg: Springer. A collection of essays incorporating new theoretical and methodological
approaches analyzing cultural hybridization, including hybridity in the archaeological record.