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FURTHER READINGAs an introduction, David O’Connor’s (1993)Ancient Nubiais the most accessible examination
of the relationship between Nubia and Egypt. For a more in-depth treatment, David Edwards’s
(2004)The Nubian Pastprovides the most up-to-date general review of Sudanese and Nubian
archaeology, covering interaction between Egypt and Nubia. My ownWretched Kush(Smith 2003)
provides the most substantial theoretical focus on ethnic dynamics in the context of Egypt’s impe-
rial expansion into Nubia during the second millenniumBC. Although not explicitly theoretical,
Mario Liverani’s (1990)Prestige and Interestexamines ideology and reality in constructions of
ethnic stereotypes for ancient Egypt and the Near East during the Bronze Age. Along similar
lines, Antonio Loprieno’s (1988)Topos und Mimesisprovides a detailed study of the ancient Egyp-
tian ethnic stereotype (topos)of foreigners as chaotic enemies in the state ideology vs. their more
positive and naturalistic representation (mimesis)in literary and more prosaic documents. Finally,
László Török’s (2009)Between Two Worldsis the most detailed examination available of the long
history of interaction between ancient Egypt and Nubia, including a wide-ranging discussion of
the dynamics of acculturation and syncretism, power, ideology, and political economy throughout
Egypt and Nubia.