482 Jörg Rüpke
Yarrow, Liv M. 2010. “Focalised Universality: Contextualising the Genre.” In Peter Liddel
and Andrew Fear, eds.,Historiae Mundi: Studies in Universal History, 131–47. London:
Duckworth.
FURTHER READINGScholarship dealing with ethnic differences in Roman religion has traditionally concentrated on
either cultural import or on cultural marking as “foreign,” thus frequently reproducing modern
perception informed by two centuries of dominance of the paradigm of “nationalism,” which has
been questioned in principle in this chapter. Nevertheless, excellent pieces of scholarship have been
produced. For the “ritus graecus,” Gagé (1955) and Scheid (1995) must be named. The paradigm
of Greek gods at Rome had been established by Altheim (1930), focusing on the archaic period. An
overview is given by Rüpke (2007). There are an endless number of studies for the Hellenization of
Italy and Rome, but not much is focused on religion. For the late republican period, Gruen (1992)
is important as a framework; Rüpke (2012a) explicitly deals with religious changes in this period
due to Hellenization. For a possible relationship between the conceptualization of earlier Greek
imports and imperial religion, see Cancik (1999). Much of the history of Roman religion during
the Empire has been conceptualized as the presence of “foreign” (mostly “oriental”) religion at
Rome. For the deconstruction of this paradigm, see Bonnet, Rüpke, and Scarpi (2006) and Bonnet
and Rüpke (2009).