504 Ursula Rothe
Figure 33.2 Gravestone for a Gallic couple, Arlon, second centuryAD. Musée Archéologique,
Arlon. Photograph © H. Schweistal, Institut Archéologique du Luxembourg, Arlon.
only entered mainstream Roman fashion later. The rectangular cloak, although similar
in form to the Romanpalla, is draped in a variety of un-Roman, symmetrical ways. In
other words, the Gallic Ensemble was manifestly “native.” Unlike Menimane’s Ensemble,
the “Gallic Ensemble” was, however, not a localized or tribal dress style; it is found in
depictions all across Gaul, the German provinces, and Britain (many examples are col-
lected by Espérandieu; see also Galsterer and Galsterer 1975, no. 331, and Wild 1985:
388 n. 98 for examples from Britain). What the dress of northern Gaul seems to indi-
cate is that, in the pre- and early Roman period, the Treveri possessed a tribal identity
that was expressed, as so often in human history, in the dress of the women (see Lomas,
Chapter 32, in this volume; on the idea of women as “guardians of ethnicity,” especially
in dress, see Nadig 1986). In a version of what Slofstra (1983) and others have labeled
“detribalization,” this identity gradually dissolved during the course of the late first cen-
tury into a more general “Gallic” identity that, as with the breakaway “Gallic Empire” of
the mid-third century, included the Rhineland and Britain. In other words, Roman rule
appears to have engendered a new, broader, regional identity in the Roman northwest.
How did this “Third Way” come about? In order to understand this, we must again
look at structural changes in the Treveran region in the period in question. Although the
Treveri were conquered by Caesar, they rebelled repeatedly: in 39–37BC(Cassius Dio
48.49.3), 29BC(Cassius Dio 51.20.5), 21AD(Tacitus,Annales3.40–42), and 69AD,
the so-called “Batavian” Revolt as described by Tacitus,Historiae4 and 5. They were
finally defeated at the end of the Batavian Revolt, in which they were a key player, in
70 AD. From that time until the general troubles of the mid-third century, no Roman
troops were stationed in thecivitas Treverorum; the area was now peaceful and began to