238 Notes to Pages 125–134
Kang 2011, 218– 22. Zarkadakis 2015, 63– 66. Frightening robots figure in E.T.A.
Hoffman’s German short stories from Shelley’s time, “The Automata” (1814) and
“The Sandman” (1816) about a wax automaton named Olympia: Cohen 1966,
61– 62.- Florescu 1975. A striking feature of the 1931 Karloff monster, the two metal bolts
on his neck representing crude electrodes, placed on his jugular veins, bringing to
mind the placement of the metal bolt on the ankle of the bronze robot Talos (chap-
ter 1). See chapter 9 for the primitive electrical “Baghdad batteries.” Kant, “The
Modern Prometheus,” Rogers and Stevens 2015, 3, and on Shelley’s Frankenstein,
1– 4. Weiner 2015, 46– 74. - Prometheus making the first humans was a favored theme in “antiquarian” neo-
classical gems carved by European craftsmen in the seventeenth to nineteenth
century, collected by Tassie and Prince Poniatowski; Tassinari 1996. - Shelley and Lucan: Weiner 2015, 48– 51, 64– 70; Lucan Civil War 6.540– 915. On
Egyptian demotic tales of necromancy, Mansfield 2015. On mechanical motion
eliciting the Uncanny Valley reaction, Zarkadakis 2015, 69; Mori 2012. - Shelley 1831. Raggio 1958. Quote, Simons 1992, 27– 28. Rogers and Stevens 2015,
1– 5. - Hyginus Astronomica 2.15, Fabulae 31, 54, 144.
- David- Neel 1959, 84.
- Tales of artificial flying birds appear in ancient Hindu and Mongolian literature too,
including a pair of mechanical swans (yantrahamsa) “programmed” to steal royal
jewels and a legendary Garuda bird that was “steered by pins and pegs.” Cohen
2002, 67– 69.
CHAPTER 7. HEPHAESTUS: DIVINE DEVICES AND AUTOMATA- For the smith god in ancient literature and art, Gantz 1993, 1:74– 80. Hephaestus’s
father was Zeus according to Homer, but he had no father according to Hesiod.
For the works of Hephaestus, Pollitt 1990, 15–18. Prosthetic limbs and replacement
body parts as artificial human enhancements, chapter 4. Zarkadakis 2015, 79– 80. - Paipetis 2010 and Vallianatos 2017. On the vivid, kinetic descriptions of Achilles’s
shield in Homer, in which an “impossible” object is described with hyperrealism
and movement, see Francis 2009, 6– 13. See also Kalligeropoulos and Vasileiadou
2008. - Homer Iliad 18.136, 18.368– 72, 19.23. “Artificial world,” Raphael 2015, 182.
- Francis 2009, 11– 13.
- Bronze cuirasses and greaves with delineated musculature were used from the sixth
century BC on, with many examples recovered from archaeological excavations.
Steiner 2001, 29. Other warrior cultures, such as Rome, India, and Japan, also wore
anatomical cuirasses. - On a fresco from Pompeii, first century AD, Hephaestus, surrounded by tools and
half- finished projects, shows Thetis the shield he has made for Achilles.