afghanistan43 For a summary of Leftist parties in Afghanistan, see Thomas Ruttig,
Is lamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center: Afghanistan’s Political Parties
and Where They Come from (1902–2006) (Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2006),
available at http://www.kas.de, accessed 24 October 2017.
44 Kabul Times, 25–8 October 1965; Dupree, Afghanistan, pp. 590–97.
45 ‘Neumann to Assistant Secretary of State for Near and South Asian Affairs’,
Kabul, 29 December 1970, frus, 1969–1976, vol. E-7, ‘Documents on South
Asia’, no. 337, https://history.state.gov.
46 Dupree, Afghanistan, p. 618.
47 ‘Memorandum of Conversation, The President’s Conversation with Afghan
Prime Minister Maiwandwal’, Washington, dc, 28 March 1967, frus, 1964–
1968, vol. xxv, ‘Documents on South Asia’, no. 539, https://history.state.gov.
48 ‘How the cia Turns Foreign Students into Traitors’, Ramparts, 5 (April
1967), pp. 22–4.
49 ‘Telegram from the Embassy in Afghanistan to Department of State’,
28 April 1967, frus, 1964–1968, vol. xxv, no. 542.
50 Dupree, Afghanistan, p. 622.
51 ‘Intelligence Note’, Washington, dc, 29 July 1971, frus, 1969–1976, vol. e-7,
‘Documents on South Asia’, no. 339, https://history.state.gov.
52 ‘Telegram from the Embassy in Afghanistan to the Department of State’,
12 February 1972, frus, 1969–1976, vol. e-7, no. 355.
53 ‘Telegram from the Embassy in Afghanistan to Department of State’,
3 March 1972, frus, 1969–1976, vol. e-7, no. 359.
54 Muhammad Khan Jalallar, Rumi Tomato: Autobiography of an Afghan
Minister, ed. Babur Rashidzada (Create Space self-publishing, 2011).
55 ‘Embassy in Afghanistan to Department of State’, 16 January 1973, frus,
1969–1976, vol. E-8, ‘Documents on South Asia’, no. 1, https://history.state.gov.
56 The iam was later renamed International Assistance Mission.
57 noor is an acronym for the National Organization for Ophthalmic
Rehabilitation. Nur is also the Persian word for light.
58 For the expulsions and the destruction of kccc, see Plus D Cables, 1973,
https://wikileaks.org.
59 ‘Meeting with President Da’ud’, 23 July 1973, Plus D Cables, 1973.
13 Republicanism, Revolution and Resistance, 1973–941 President Najib Allah Khan’s remarks quoted in Steve Coll, Ghost Wars
(London, New York and Toronto, 2005), p. 235.
2 ‘Presidential Address, Republic Day Speech’, Kabul Times, 10 July 1975,
http://content.library.arizona.edu.
3 See ‘Telegram, Embassy in Afghanistan to Department of State’,
17 September 1973, United States Department of State, Foreign Relations
of the United States (henceforth frus), 1969–1976, vol. E-8, ‘Documents
on South Asia’, no. 8, https://history.state.gov.
4 Hafizullah Emadi, Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan: The
British, Russian, and American Invasions (New York and London, 2010),
p. 89.