afghanistanPanjshiris 14, 504 , 563, 576, 612, 620,
623, 635, 653; see also Ma‘sud,
Ahmad Shah
Parcham 550, 563, 570–71, 575, 582, 583,
584, 585, 592, 601, 625, 638;
see also People’s Democratic Party
of Afghanistan
Paris Peace Conference 453, 454
Parwan Darra, Battle of 254–5, 256
Pathans see Pushtuns, Afghan
Payinda Khan Barakzai (Wāzīr) 148,
157, 161–2, 164, 187, 276
People’s Democratic Party of
Afghanistan (pdpa) 548, 555,
562–3, 566–7, 623
and Da’ud’s Republic 581–2, 583,
587, 585, 589, 590, 591, 603
Saur Revolution 593, 601
Persia (subsequently Iran) 467, 523,
533, 558, 604, 624, 671
and Britain 167, 168–9, 174, 190,
215, 227–8, 318, 398, 445, 533
and France 167–8, 169
and Herat 158–9, 167, 169, 169, 177,
215–17, 226–7, 261–2, 318
and mir-i Afghaniha 62–6, 69
and Taliban 634, 638, 640, 641
and usa 554, 575
Hotaki occupation of 29, 78
reform movements in 431, 484
Russo-Persian wars, treaties 168,
177 , 190, 354–5
Safavid dynasty of 27, 34, 684
Sistan dispute 342, 343, 336, 342,
523, 545, 575, 576
see also Mashhad; individual
rulers
Persian, Persian speakers 14–16, 20,
26, 54, 61, 65, 267, 321, 414, 439,
503, 527
Peshawar 59, 120 , 308, 347, 350, 355,
358, 475, 490, 493, 519, 608
and Britain 212, 213, 219–20, 221,
231, 239, 312, 317, 422
and Durranis 119, 130, 148–9, 169,
170, 174, 177
and Sikhs 184, 205–6, 208
anti-British agitation in 455, 457,
522
Peshawar Accord 621–2, 625, 655
Peshawar Conference 344–54, 361
Peshawar Sardārs 176, 180, 181, 183, 187,
188, 118, 208, 276, 309, 413, 493,
519; see also individual Sardārs
Piperno Affair 479, 480
Pir Muhammad Khan 307
Pir Roshan (Bayazid Ansari) 58
Plassey (Palashi), Battle of 130
Pollock, General George 293, 297, 298,
300, 304, 306, 366
Popalzai 62, 69, 110, 252, 273, 632,
656
Pottinger, Eldred 216–17, 250, 270–72,
290–91, 293, 304, 305
Pottinger, Henry 211, 221, 233
Pratap, Mahindar 441, 443
Provincial Reconstruction Teams
(prt) 667–8, 670
Provincial reorganizations 188–9,
510–11, 562
Pul-i Charkhi prison 594, 620, 660
Pul-i Kheshti mosque 165, 206, 239,
253, 270, 297, 478, 534, 593
Pul-i Khumri 22–3, 32, 34, 229, 253,
388, 495, 559, 568, 595, 620,
639
Pul-i Sangi, Battle of 163
Punjab 55, 60, 70, 93, 119, 130, 131, 169,
455, 519; see also Lahore, Peshawar
and Britain 164, 264, 306, 308, 312,
320, 333, 454
and Durranis 122–4, 126–7,
128–30, 131, 159–60, 161
Pur Dil Khan (Sardār) 176, 185, 188,
215, 238
Purdil Khan, General 502, 507
Pushtu 14–16, 54, 66, 90, 380, 441, 455,
511, 535, 363, 537
as national language 439, 440,
527–8
literature 49, 60, 141, 406, 432,
439, 455, 521, 526, 527
Pushtu Academy 441–2, 473, 526, 527,
535