276 BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Castille there is still little to replace the dated and highly partisan work of j, Perez de
Urbel, Histaria del Condado de Castilla (3 vols Madrid, 1945). Much more is now hap-
pening in the re-evaluation of the history of Galicia in these centuries. See in particular
C. Balil'ias, Defensores e traditores: un modelo de relacion entre poder montirquico e oligarquia na
Galicia altomedieval (718-1037) (Santiago de Compostela, 1988), and idem, Do Mito ti
Realidade: a definicion social e territarial de Galicia na Alta !dade Media (Santiago, 1992); also
A. Isla Frez, La sociedad gallega en la alta edad media (Madrid, 1992).
Sources for the history of the kingdom of Pamplona are scanty. The principal con-
temporar), record takes the form of a series of genealogies, probably composed for the
court at Najera in the time of Sancho the Great. These are edited in J.M. Lacarra,
'Textos navarros del Codice de Roda', EstudlOS de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon, vol.
I (Zaragoza, 1945), pp. 193-275. Some Arab texts relate to the kingdom, including
sections of the fifth book of the MuqtabisofIbn I:Iayyan (B2(c». For other parts of Ibn
I:Iayyan's work that refer to Navarre see E. Li'vi-Provenpl and E. Garcia Gomez, 'Textos
ineditos del Muktabis de Ibn I:Iayyan sobre los origenes del Reino de Pamplona', Al-
Andalus, 19 (1954), pp. 295-315. For some of the conflicting views on the origin and
early history of this kingdom see J. Perez de Urbel, 'Lo viejo y 10 nuevo sobre el origen
del Reino de Pamplona', ibid. 19 (1954), pp. 1-42, and the studies ofC. Sanchez-Albornoz
conveniently collected in his Vascos y Navarros en su primera histaria (Madrid, 1976). The
most substantial history of the kingdom is that of J.M. Lacarra, Histaria politica del RRino
de Navarra desde su incorporacion a Castilla (3 vols Pamplona, 1972/3), of which the first
volume deals with the period covered here. For the adjacent County of Aragon see A.
Ubieto Arteta, Origenes de Aragon (Zaragoza, 1989), part of a multi-volume series by this
author entitled Histaria de Aragon. Some of his articles relating to the history of this
period are usefully collected in his Trabajos de investigacion (Valencia, 1972).
Apart from Frankish sources covering the early ninth century, there are no con-
temporary narrative accounts of the history of Catalonia in this period, and thus the
chronological framework is not always easy to elucidate. The best treatment of it will be
found in j,M. Salrach, El prods de formacio nacional de Catalunya (segles VIII-IX) (2 vols
1978), and the older account of R. d'Abadal i de Vinyals, Els primers comtes catalans
(Barcelona, 1958) remains important. There is a helpful over-view in J. Font i Rius,
Procfs d'independencia de Catalunya (ss VIII-IX) (Barcelona, 1989), with translations into
English, French and Spanish. The relevant sections of some of the Arab sources are
translated in J.M. Millas Vallicrosa, 'Els textos de historiadors musulmans referents a la
Catalunya carolingia', Quaderns d'Estudi, 14 (1922), pp. 125-61. A number of the ar-
ticles of the foremost Catalan historian of this period are collected in R. d'Abadal, Dels
"islgots als Catalans (2 vols 2nd ed. Barcelona, 1974). For Tarragona under Arab rule see
A. Virgili i Colet, 'La qiiestio de Tarraquna abans de la conquesta catalana', Quaderns
d'H,storia Tan'acollense, 4 (1984), pp. 7-37.
~. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC(a) Later Roman Empire and the Fifth Century
There exists an enormous bibliography of works relating to the society and economy of
Roman Spain and to recent archaeological investigations relevant to these topics. Useful
short syntheses will be found in the chapters of A. Montenegro Duque, J.M. Blazquez
and J.M. Solana Sainz, ESjJa1ia Romana (Madrid, 1986), and the new volume II of the
Menendez Pidal, Historia de Espana (Bl), which also provide detailed bibliographical
guidance. For the material evidence of early Christianity in the Iberian peninsula there
is a useful survey, but now rather dated, in P. de Palol, Arqueologia ais/iana de la Espazia
romana (Madrid and Valladolid, 1967). See also the papers in P. de Palol (ed.),ll Reuni6
d '{l1'queologia jJaieocristiana hisj){J1lica (Barcelona, 1982).