wereorderedtospeakTurkishonly,andinJune 191 4Armenianboyswereex-
cludedfrommembership.Itthereforedidn’tcomeasasurprisethatlateron
mostoftheOGDmemberswereMuslimboys.¹⁰⁶Itshouldalsobenotedthat
BJDgroupsworea‘colonialdress’.Uniformshirtsandtrouserswerekhakicol-
oredandnotfieldgreyasthoseinthearmy.ThemembersoftheBJDwore
the‘southwester’,thehatoftheGermanoverseascolonialarmy.¹⁰⁷TheOGD,
cladinkhakiuniformsandwearingthekabalakheadgearoftheregulararmy,
musthavethereforehadanintegratingmessagetotheMuslimpopulationin
Anatolia,eventhoughitwasnotcommunicatedopenlyintheOGDperiodical.
Hoffimpliedthisunifyingspirit,whenhementionedthe“awakeningofthe
Figure6:TheEskişehirGürbüzDerneğionthemarch,accompaniedbyanadultinstructorwitha
capturedBritishEnfieldrifle;July25,1918.
sitesi(Mersin:n.p., 199 7), 423 – 42 4.FortheappropriationofGermannationalistideasintothe
Ottomanworldviewcf.ibid. 427 – 42 8.
Cora,“Asker-VatandaşlarveKahramanErkekler,”61, 64 ;Beşikçi,TheOttomanMobilization
ofManpower,2 21.
ConcerningthismatterwealsohavepointtothefactthattheBJDconveyedthe“ideological
messageofphysicalfitnessandadutytothe‘race’.”RobertGordon,“TheRiseoftheBushman
Penis:Germans,GenitaliaandGenocide,”AfricanStudies 57 – 1(1998),31.
TheOsmanlıGençDernekleribetweenAppropriationandOriginality 125