TurkishGeneralStaffandcontainedinfanteristiclessonsfromtheWorldWar
fromtheGermanKriegskunstperiodical.²⁷⁶Eachcombatsituationwasaccompa-
niedbyoneillustrationbythemilitarypainterHerbertKnötel(‘theyounger’;
1893 – 196 3).Whereasthe‘right’sidealwaysdepictedsoldiersinGermanuni-
forms,the‘wrong’sideconcentratedontroopsdressedinFrenchstyle.İnan
didnotchangeanythingandonlyaddedTurkishcaptationstothepictures.
Hedidnot eventranslatethepictures’speech balloons.In onepictureon
page90,forexample,theGerman“LongliveGermany!”wasleftinplace,only
tobetranslatedinthecaptionas“LongliveTurkey!”.Thebooklet’sdegreeofes-
teemamongtheTurkishofficerswasratherdubiouseventhoughitcouldhelp
witheducatingtheanalphabetsamongthesoldiers.
GermanoriginalunderthetitleBilderreihenFalsch!/Richtig!,ed.KriegskunstinWortund
Bild(Berlin:VerlagOffeneWorte, 19 31).Turkishtranslation:Salâhattinİnan,ResimleveSözle
Muharebe[CombatinWordsandPictures](Istanbul:HüsnütabiatBasımevi, 19 38).
Figure11:ʻGermanSpiritʼparexcellence:ATurkish 1938 infantryfieldserviceregulationbased
onaGerman 1930 pamphlet.MostprobablytheleftpicturereferredtothepanicamongGerman
troopsattheWestfronton8August1918.Theʻundesiredʼbehaviorisdescribedasfollowsin
theleftpictureʼscaption:“Ifreturningwoundedsoldierstelldiscouragingwordstotheirfellow
soldiersmarchingtothefronttheycommittreasonagainstthefatherland.(Thefrontisbur-
ning)”Thereforeontherightthesoldierswereinstructedtobehaveasfollows:“Wounded
Turkishsoldierswillalwaystrytocheeruptheirfellowsoldiersmarchingofftothefront.(Long
liveTurkey).”
PreparingforTotalWar:TheCaseofAsımEren(1935–1939) 223