manshadnotmanagedtobreaktheVersaillesTreatywithmilitaryforce.Butto
whatextentwastheTurkishofficercorpsstillundertheinfluenceofthe‘German
Spirit’?WasthereadependenceupontheGermanmodelinTurkishmilitaryor-
ganizationandtraining?Whatwerethedifferencesandlessonsfromthemilitary
allianceof 1914 – 1918 fortheTurkishside?Inordertoanswerthesequestionsof
organizationalnature,mainly(semi‐)officialperiodicalsandautobiographical
sourcesfrombothcountrieswillbeanalyzed.Afterall,itwasmostlytheinstruc-
torsoftheGermanmilitarymissionandtheirformerOttomanmilitarystudents,
whotookthemindsetoftheotherside.
Inadditiontothesimilarities,thedifferenceshavetoalsobeconsidered.How
didthemilitaryrepresentativesofthe“barrackednation”¹⁰²andthe“militaryna-
tion”¹⁰³continuetofindcommongroundintermsofamilitaristspirit?Wastherea
needfornationalindependenceinmilitaryaffairsontheTurkishside?
TheethnicheterogeneoussocietyoftheyoungRepublicofTurkeydemand-
edothermeasuresbythearmedforcesthantheWeimarRepublicasthelatter
wasdividedbypoliticalconflicts.However,thedynamicsresultingfromthe
WorldWar’s‘stormofsteel’hadsignificantinfluenceonthemindsetinbothar-
mies,whichledtoleadershipclaimthatintendedtofillthegapleftbythelossof
reputationofthemonarchy.
UteFrevert,DiekasernierteNation:MilitärdienstundZivilgesellschaftinDeutschland(Mu-
nich:C.H.Beck, 20 01).
AyşeGülAltınay,TheMythoftheMilitary-Nation:Militarism,GenderandEducationinTur-
key(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2004).
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