The \'German Spirit\' in the Ottoman and Turkish Army, 1908-1938. A History of Military Knowledge Transfer - Gerhard Grüßhaber

Figure:LateOttomanStormtrooperona
drawingfromaGermansource

Figure:Turkishinfantrymanwithsawedoff

GermanMhelmet,demonstratinganin-

directaimingpositionfortheFrenchorigin

HotchkissMlightmachinegun

ThetraininginMaltepecontinueduntiltheendofthewar.Inthesummerof
1918,theGermansrequestedtwomoretrainingofficersfromGermany.²⁸⁶No
sourcescouldbefoundabouttheuseoftheStormtroopersinthewaragainst
Greecealthoughitishighlyprobablethatsomeoftheveteransfromthose
unitsalsojoinedthenationalistforcesandmadeuseoftheirexperience.The
Germanknowledgewasalsopreservedwithintheothernationalarmedforces
onTurkishsoilatthattime.ThelastGermanfieldregulationforassaultunits
wastranslatedintoTurkishandpublishedinseveraleditionsbytheSultan’s
army.²⁸⁷

LiaisonofficerYıldırımtoConstantinopleAssaultTrainingCommando, 21 May1918.ATASE
BDHK1 499 D9Gö2Fi 19.
Rıfat,“HücumTaburlarıTeşkilatı”[TheOrganizationoftheAssaultTroops]Mecmua-yi
Fünun-uAskeriye5( 1335 /1919), 177 – 180 and6( 1335 /1919), 187 – 20 4;Anonymous:HücumKıtaa-
tınınTalimveTerbiyesi[TrainingandEducationoftheAssaultUnit](Istanbul:Erkan-ıHarbiye
Matbaası,1 33 6/ 1920 );Sedad,HücumTalimveTerbiyesi[TrainingandEducationofAssault(Tech-
niques)].(Dersaadet[Istanbul]:Matbaa-ıAskeriye,1 33 8/ 1922 ).

TheEmpirestrikesback:TheOttomanStormtroopers, 1917 – 18 89