Watson, trans.),Records of the Grand Historian, New York: Columbia
University Press, 1958 ; Sima Qian,Shiji, Taibei: Dingwen Shuju, 1999 ,
86. 2515 – 38.
23. Sima Qian (Watson, trans.),Records, 67.
24. Mencius, 62.
3 The Qin and Han Dynasties
- Sima Qian,Shiji, Taibei: Dingwen Shuju, 1999 , 7. 295 – 339. The title of this
book has been translated asRecords of the Grand Historianby Burton Watson
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1969 ) and The Grand Scribe’s
Recordsby William Nienhauser (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
1994 – ). I have used parts of both translations in the text, citing each work as
appropriate, but the reader should be aware that both refer to the same work,
theShiji. - Mark Edward Lewis,“The Han Abolition of Universal Military Service,”in
Hans Van de Ven (ed.),Warfare in Chinese History, Leiden: Brill, 2000 , 41 – 42.
For Wang Mang’s rebellion see Hans Bielenstein,“Wang Mang, the Restoration
of the Han Dynasty, and Later Han,”in Denis Twitchett and Michael Lowe
(eds.),The Cambridge History of China, vol. 1 , Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1986 , 223 – 90. - Most famous or infamously by Lei Haizong, in the twentieth century, who
attributed the demilitarization of Chinese society and consequent military
weakness of China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to this change.
Lei Haizong,Zhongguo wenhua yu zhongguo zhi bing, Changsha: Yuelu
Shushe, 1989 (Firstedition 1939 ). For a broader discussion of this issue, as
well as further instances of the demilitarization of China, see Hans Van de
Ven’s introduction in Hans Van de Ven (ed.),Warfare in Chinese History,
Leiden: Brill, 2000 , 1 – 32. - Sima Qian (Watson, trans.),Records of the Grand Historian, 326.
- Sima Qian (Nienhauser, trans.),The Grand Scribe’s Records, 328.
- Sima Qian (Nienhauser, trans.),The Grand Scribe’s Records, 333 [modified];
Sima Qian,Shiji 86. 2538. - Sima Qian (Watson, trans.),Records of the Historian, 158.
- Zhang Chunben and Cui Lequan,Zhongguo Wushushi, Taibei: Wenjin
Chubanshe, 1993 , 94. - Sima Qian,Shiji 87. 2559.
- Modified translation from Nienhauser,The Grand Scribe’s Records, 179.
- Sima Qian (Nienhauser, trans.),The Grand Scribe’s Records, 180.
- Ban Gu (Homer H. Dubs, trans.),History of the Former Han Dynasty,
Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1938 – 55 , 34. - Ban Gu,History of the Former Han Dynasty, 63 .Watson,Records of the
Grand Historian, 83. Xiang Bo had previously drunk a toast of friendship with
Liu Bei, after which Liu had declared himself loyal to Xiang Yu. When Xiang
Bo returned to Xiang Yu, he argued that Liu had actually served Xiang’s
interests and it would not, therefore, be right to attack him. Fan Ceng believed,
on the contrary (and ultimately correctly), that Liu Bei was a fundamental
248 Notes to Pages 48 – 63