jing, in Zhengqi tang yuji, 4.23a, and Cheng Zongyou, Shaolin gunfa, 3.4a. See also
Tang Hao, Shaolin quanshu mijue kaozheng, pp. 65–66; and Matsuda Ryûchi, Zhong-
guo wushu shilüe, p. 53.
- The Shaolin method of the “Hidden Hands” (Yinshou), discussed in Cheng’s
Shaolin gunfa, is already mentioned in Tang Shunzhi’s Wu bian, qianji (5.39b), which
was compiled approximately ten years prior to Yu’s visit to Shaolin. - Wu Shu, Shoubi lu, p. 89.
- Tang Hao, Shaolin quanshu mijue kaozheng, pp. 68–69. See also Matsuda
Ryûchi, Zhongguo wushu shilüe, p. 54. - On these roles—religious, cultural, social, and political—see, among oth-
ers, Yü Chün-fang, “Ming Buddhism”; Yü Chün-fang, The Renewal of Buddhism in
China; and Brook, Praying for Power. - See Wu Shu, Shoubi lu, p. 109.
- Included in Wu Shu, Shoubi lu, pp. 93–109. It is tempting to speculate that
Cheng Zhenru belonged to the same extended family as Cheng Zongyou. The for-
mer’s birthplace is given as Haiyang, by which old county name the latter some-
times refers to his native place in Xiuning, Anhui. - See Cheng’s introduction to his Emei qiangfa, in Wu Shu, Shoubi lu, p. 93.
- See, respectively, Wu Shu, Shoubi lu, pp. 14, 93, 110; Cheng Zongyou, Shao-
lin gunfa, 1.2a; and Sanqi Yougong’s epitaph inscribed on his burial stupa and still
extant in Shaolin’s Stupa Forest (Talin). On Shaolin itinerant warriors see also Xie
Zhaozhe (1567–1624), Wu zazu, 5.23a. - Cai Jiude, for instance, alludes to a Shaolin monk as a member of the “riv-
ers and lakes.” See Cai Jiude, Wobian shilüe (preface 1558), 1.9–10. Compare also
Wu Shu, Shoubi lu, preface p. 1. - Yun Youke, Jianghu congtan, pp. 191–220.
- See Chen Pingyuan, Qiangu wenren xiake meng, pp. 187–228.
- See Needham and Yates, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5, part VI, pp.
27–29. - Huang, 1587 A Year of No Significance, p. 159.
- See Mingshi, 91.2251–2252. See also Hucker, “Ming Government,” p. 69.
4 4. For general background, see Geiss, “The Chia-ching Reign,” pp. 490–505;
Kwan-wai So, Japanese Piracy in Ming China; and Antony, Like Froth Floating on the Sea,
pp. 22–28. - The “Seng bing shou jie ji” is in chapter 8b.
- On Zheng, see Goodrich, Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1:204–208.
- Compare Zheng Ruoceng, Jiangnan jing lüe, 8b.16b; Cai Jiude, Wobian
shilüe, 1.9–10; and Wan Biao’s epitaph in Jiao Hong (1541–1620), Guochao xianzheng
lu 1 07.82b. On Wan, see Goodrich, Dictionary of Ming Biography, 2:1337–1339.
4 8. Three sixteenth-century gazetteers allude to the participation of “monastic
troops” (seng bing) in this battle, even though none of them specifies to which monas-
tery they belonged. See the 1561 Zhejiang tongzhi (chap. 60); the Jiajing period (1522–
- Ningbo fu zhi (chap. 22); and the 1579 Hangzhou fu zhi (chap. 7). The relevant
passages from all three gazetteers are reproduced in Mingdai wokou shiliao, 5:1831,
216 Notes to Pages 65–69