The Evolution of Operational Art. From Napoleon to the Present

(Tina Meador) #1

  1. Markus Ma ̈der,In Pursuit of Conceptual Excellence: The Evolution of British Military-
    Strategic Doctrine in the Post–Cold War Era, 1989–2002(Bern: Peter Lang, 2004), 23.

  2. Dominick Graham, ‘“Sans Doctrine”: British Army Tactics in the First World War’, in
    Timothy Travers and Christon Archer (eds.),Men at War: Politics, Technology and
    Innovation in the Twentieth Century(Chicago, IL: Transaction, 1982).

  3. Carl von Clausewitz,On War, edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter
    Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976), book 2, chapter 4, 152; it
    should be pointed out that the German word used here by Clausewitz, as so often, is
    notDoktrin, as the translation suggests, butLehre, or lessons.

  4. On which see S. L. A. Marshall,Men against Fire: The Problem of Battle Command in
    Future War(3rd edn., New York: Wm Morrow, 1966), 17, 22, 26–40, 49, 116, 133–5,
    170, 181.

  5. On Clausewitz’s use of the word ‘operations’, see Hew Strachan,Carl von Clausewitz’s
    On War: A Biography(London: Atlantic Books, 2007), 87, 109–10, 120; Hew Strachan,
    ‘Clausewitz en anglais: la ce ́sure de 1976’, in Laure Bardie`s and Martin Motte (eds.),De
    la guerre? Clausewitz et la pense ́e strate ́gique contemporaine(Paris: Economica, 2008),
    112–13.

  6. Antoine Henri Jomini,Traite ́des grandes operations militaires, contenant l’histoire
    critique des campagnes de Fre ́de ́ric II, compares a`celles de l’Empereur Napole ́on; avec
    un recueil des principes ge ́ne ́raux de l’art de la guerre, 5 vols. (2nd edn., Paris: Chez
    Magimel, 1811), vol. IV, 275.

  7. Ibid., vol. I, ii.

  8. Ibid., vol. II, 272–3.

  9. Ibid., vol. I, i; vol. IV, 284–6.

  10. Jay Luvaas,The Education of an Army: British Military Thought, 1815–1940(London:
    Cassell, 1965), 10–12, 18–19; see also Hew Strachan,From Waterloo to Balaclava:
    Tactics, Technology and the British Army, 1815–1854(Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-
    sity Press, 1985), 2–8.
    14.Aide-Me ́moire to the Military Sciences, 3 vols. (2nd edn., London: John Weale, 1853),
    vol. i, 2.

  11. Edward Bruce Hamley, ‘Lessons from the War’,Blackwood’s Magazine, vol. 79 (1856),
    236–9, quoted in Luvaas,Education of an Army, 135.

  12. Edward Bruce Hamley,The Operations of War Explained and Illustrated(Edinburgh:
    Blackwood, 1866), 55.

  13. Luvaas,Education of an Army, 164–5.

  14. Hamley,Operations of War(7th edn., Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1922), v.

  15. G. F. R. Henderson,The Science of War: A Collection of Essays and Lectures, 1891–1903
    (1st edn., 1906; London: Longmans, Green, 1919), 39–50.

  16. Ibid., 70–86.

  17. Antoine Henri Jomini,The Art of War, translated by G. H. Mendell and W. P. Craighill
    (Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1862), 66.

  18. [John] Frederick Maurice,War(London: Macmillan, 1891), 8.

  19. Henderson,Science of War, 39; see also 11, 70.

  20. Ibid., 16.

  21. Fisher to Lord Tweedmouth, 23 December 1905, in Arthur J. Marder (ed.),Fear God
    and Dread Nought: The Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilver-
    stone, 3 vols. (London: Cape, 1952–9), vol. II, 66.

  22. Henderson,Science of War, 26, 29–30.

  23. See Henderson on this, in Luvaas,Education of an Army, 244.


132 The Evolution of Operational Art
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