The Evolution of Operational Art. From Napoleon to the Present

(Tina Meador) #1

  1. Bernard Brodie,The Absolute Weapon(New York: Harcourt Brace, 1946).

  2. Robert E. Osgood,Limited War: The Challenge to American Strategy(Chicago, IL:
    University of Chicago Press, 1957).

  3. Thomas C. Schelling,Arms and Influence(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
    1966).

  4. Herman Kahn,On Thermonuclear War(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
    1960);On Escalation: Metaphors and Scenarios(New York: Praeger, 1965).

  5. I. D. Holder, ‘A New Day for Operational Art’, in R. L. Allen (ed.),Operational Level of
    War—Its Art(Carlisle, PA: US Army War College, 1985), 4–1, 4–2, underscores the
    ‘belief that nuclear weapons meant the end of conventional warfare’.

  6. Harry G. Summers, Jr.,On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War(Novato,
    CA: Presidio, 1982).

  7. Shimon Naveh,In Pursuit of Military Excellence: The Evolution of Operational Theory
    (London: Frank Cass, 1997), 263, describes it as ‘the longest, most intoxicating and
    creative professional debate which ever occurred in the history of American military
    thought’.

  8. Department of the Army,FM 100-5 Operations, 20 August 1982 (Washington, DC:
    GPO, 1982), 2–1, 2–2; Swain, ‘Filling the Void’, 159; Allan English, ‘The Operational
    Art’, in Allan English, Daniel Gosselin, Howard Coombs, and Laurence M. Hickey
    (eds.),The Operational Art: Canadian Perspectives, Context and Concepts(Kingston,
    ON: Canadian Defence Academy, 2005), 16.

  9. English, ‘Operational Art’, 16.

  10. Naveh,Pursuit of Military Excellence, 292–5.

  11. Joint Publication,JP 3-07. Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War
    (Washington, DC: 16 June 1995).

  12. Cf. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Background Note, dated 28 February
    2006,http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/dpko/bnote.htm, accessed October 2009.

  13. John Andreas Olsen,John Warden and the Renaissance of American Air Power
    (Washington, DC: Potomac, 2007).

  14. In brief, Warden maintained that strategic paralysis or psychological collapse would
    result by attacking critical points in each of five ‘rings’ simultaneously: leadership,
    organic or system essentials, infrastructure, population, and fielded military forces.
    John A. Warden III, ‘The Enemy as a System’,Airpower Journal, vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring
    1995), 40–5.

  15. Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh,The Gulf Conflict, 1990–1991: Diplomacy
    and War in the New World Order(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991),
    316–17.

  16. Brigadier General John S. Brown, ‘The Maturation of Operational Art: Operations
    Desert Shield and Desert Storm’, inHistorical Perspectives, 439–82.

  17. Anthony H. Cordesman, ‘Persian Gulf War (1991)’, ibid., 588.

  18. General Ronald Fogelman, USAF, ‘Airpower and the American Way of War’, speech
    presented at the Air Force Association’s Air Warfare Symposium, Orlando, Florida,
    15 February 1996; cf. Grant T. Hammond, ‘The U.S. Air Force and the American Way
    of War’, in Anthony D. McIvor (ed.),Rethinking the Principles of War(Annapolis, MD:
    Naval Institute Press, 2005), 109–25.

  19. Michael Ignatieff,Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond(New York: Metropolitan, 2000).

  20. Department of the Army,FM 100-5 Operations, 14 June 1993 (Washington, DC: GPO,
    1993), 1–3.

  21. Ibid., 1–4.


164 The Evolution of Operational Art
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