The Swiss and Their Neighbours, 1460-1560. Between Accommodation and Aggression

(Amelia) #1

Fribourg’s decision to remain Catholic—taken a year before Bern’s introduction


of the Reformation—placed it in a tricky position (the same applied to a lesser


degree to Solothurn). The Catholic cantons expected Fribourg to show solidarity


by opposing Bern’s military adventure. Fribourg had Burgrechte or alliances with


several Savoy officials or vassals—Michel Mangerod, Claude d’Alliez, count Jean II


de Gruyère—as well as a string of lordships and towns, as well convents in the


Vaud, including Romainmôtier and Payerne, and of course the bishop of Lausanne.


On the other hand, its Burgrecht with Bern had formed the cornerstone of its


foreign policy for well over a century. The latter must therefore have welcomed


Fribourg’s assurance that it would not protect or shelter Michel Mangerod.674 Ye t


devotion to Catholicism should not be equated with loyalty to the house of Savoy.


After all, it was Fribourg as a territorial subject which had emancipated itself from


Savoy amidst lingering resentments, and it was Fribourg, not Bern, whose overt


hostility towards Savoy may have diminished after 1534 but which had certainly


not vanished.


Moreover, Fribourg had long cherished hopes of extending its territory to the


shore of Lake Geneva, which could only be accomplished at Savoy’s expense. Such


an expansion would create a buffer against its voracious neighbour Bern, which


already held Aigle, thus securing the northern Chablais for Catholicism and


strengthening links to its co-religionists in the Valais communes. That goal might


more readily be achieved by cooperation with Bern than sullen defiance. Looking


back from mid-century, the famous Fribourg chronicler and magistrate, Franz


Rudella,675 recorded that opinion within the Fribourg council was divided: while


Geneva was no longer any concern of theirs, supporting Bern’s campaign offered


the best hope of territorial gain.676


Bern knew full well that, with Goethe, two souls dwelt in Fribourg’s breast.


In mid-February it offered to cede Romont and Rue to Fribourg, if the latter would


assist in capturing Yverdon.677 To the former Fribourg, reaffirming its Burgrecht


674 EA IV, 1c, 611 (no. 372: 10; 11) (Jan. 1536), with list of places.
675 On Rudella see HLS, s.v. Rudella, Franz.
676 Silvia Zehnder-Jörg (ed.), Die Grosse Freiburger Chronik des Franz Rudella. Edition nach dem
Exemplar des Staatsarchivs Freiburg (Freiburger Geschichtsblätter, 84 (2007) (Fribourg, 2007), 582–3,
§ 1034: unnd wiewol man in dem rhat zu Friburg zwyspaltig, dann die einen mitt denen von Bern ze
ziehen, die andern aber darwider rietend, angesehen die statt Genff dise statt Friburg nach vorgemelter
uffhebung des burgrechtens nut mer angieng, dennocht dahin kham, dz man nitt anderst vermeint,
dann mitt inen ze reysen.
677 EA IV, 1c, 637 (no. 388: to a 2) (Feb. 1536).


26. The Spoils of War

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