Notes to Pages 12–17 489
- See, most famously, W. D. Hamilton, “Th e Ge ne tical Evolution of Social Behav-
iour,” 7 J. Th eoretical Biology 1– 32 (1964). For a pop u lar pre sen ta tion of the thesis, see
Richard Dawkins, Th e Selfi sh Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), 95– 116. - Michael Kosfeld, Markus Heinrichs, Paul J. Zak, and Ernst Fehr, “Oxytocin In-
creases Trust in Humans,” 435 Nature 673– 76 (2005). - Carsten K. W. De Dreu, Lindred L. Greer, Gerben A. Van Kleef, Shaul Shalvi,
and Michel J. J. Handgraaf, “Oxytocin Promotes Human Ethnocentrism,” 108 Procs.
NAS 1262– 66 (2011), 1265. See also Carsten K. W. De Dreu et al., “Th e Neuropeptide
Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Confl ict,” 328 Science 1408– 11
(2010). - Marcus Niebuhr Tod, International Arbitration amongst the Greeks (Ox ford:
Clarendon Press, 1913), 170– 71. - Adam Watson, Th e Evolution of International Society (London: Routledge,
1992), 27. - Ibid.
- Ibid., 147– 54.
- Pliny, Natural History, trans. H. Rackham, vol. 2 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1942 [ca. ad 77]), 643. - Amanda H. Podany, Brotherhood of Kings: How International Relations Shaped
the Ancient Near East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 29– 32. - J. M. Munn- Rankin, “Diplomacy in Western Asia in the Early Second Millen-
nium b.c.,” 18 Iraq 68– 110 (1956), 92– 94. - Ibid., 72.
- Peter Karavites, Promise- Giving and Treaty- Making: Homer and the Near East
(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992), 179– 81. - David J. Bederman, International Law in Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001), 277. - Ibid., 99, 104– 7.
- Karavites, Promise- Giving, 188– 92.
- On the dating of the Artasastra, see Mark McClish, “Is the Artasastra a Mau-
ryan Document?” in Patrick Olivelle, Janice Leoshko, and Himanshu Prabhan Ray,
eds., Reimagining Asoka: Memory and History, 280– 309 (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2012). - Kautilya, Artasastra, 6th ed., trans. R. Shamasanstry (Mysore: Mysore Printing
and Publishing, 1960 [ca. third century bc]), 367– 68. - Ibid., 294.
- Ibid., 30.
- Ibid., 420.
- Apastamba 2.10.11, in Patrick Olivelle, ed., Dharmasutras: Th e Law Codes of
Apastama, Gautama, Baudhayana, and Vasistha (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1999), 53. - Gautama 10.17– 18, in ibid., 94.