- Ganshof, Middle Ages, 313 – 14.
- I bid., 151.
- England- Florence, Commercial Treaty, Apr. 15, 1490, 3(2) Dumont 247; and
Burgundy- England, Treaty of Peace and Commerce, Feb. 24, 1496, ibid., 336. See Nys,
Origines, 75. - See Chapters 5, 6, 9, and 10 for future developments regarding reprisals.
- R. G. Marsden, “Early Prize Jurisdiction and Prize Law in En gland,” 24 En glish
Historical Review 675– 97 (1909), 675. - For the texts of three commissions to privateers granted by the En glish govern-
ment in 1400– 05, see Marsden, Documents, vol. 1, 111– 15. - New Worlds and Th eir Challenges
- On Vitoria, see J. Barthélemy, “François de Vitoria,” in A. Pillet, ed., Les fonda-
teurs du droit international, 1– 36 (Paris: V. Giard and E. Brière, 1904); and A. de La
Pradelle, Maîtres et doctrines du droit des gens, 2nd ed. (Paris: Éditions internation-
ales, 1950), 33– 48. - Letter Vitoria to Miguel de Arcos, Nov. 8, 1534, in Francisco de Vitoria, Po liti cal
Writings, ed. Anthony Pagden and Jeremy Laurance (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 1991), 331. - Wilhelm G. Grewe, Th e Epochs of International Law, trans. Michael Byers (Ber-
lin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000), 135. - See, however, Anver M. Emon, Islamic Natural Law Th eories (Ox ford: Ox ford
University Press, 2010), which identifi es natural law themes in Muslim law that arose
in de pen dently of classical Greek or Roman thought. - Antony Black, Th e West and Islam: Religion and Po liti cal Th ought in World Hisotry
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 147– 48. - Haniff Ahamat, “Th e Position of Siyar on Free Trade: A Historico- Legal Analy-
sis,” 12 JHIL 307– 27 (2010), 308. - Majid Khadduri, ed. and trans., Th e Islamic Law of Nations: Shāybanī’s Siyar (Bal-
timore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966 [ca. 805]), 41. - Ibid., 8– 9.
- Ibid., 23– 25.
- Ibid., 51.
- Ibid., 25– 26.
- For a copy of this work in En glish, see ibid., 75– 292.
- On Eu ro pe an just war doctrine, see Chapter 2.
- Quran, sura 48: 29.
- Quran, sura 4: 101.
- Quran, sura 5: 51, 57.
- On Christian- Muslim relations generally, see Hugh Goddard, A History of
Christian- Muslim Relations (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000).
Notes to Pages 90–96 499