- See Amancio Alcorta, Tratado de deerecho internacional (Buenos Aires: Biedma,
1878). - See Robert Phillimore, Commentaries upon International Law, 4 vols. (London:
W. G. Benning, 1854– 61). - See Kent’s Commentary upon International Law, ed. J. T. Abdy (Cambridge:
Deighton, Bell, 1866). - F. de Martens, Traité de droit international, 3 vols. (Paris: A. Maresq, 1883).
- Obituary of Martens by C. L. Kamarowsky, in 23 IDI Annuaire 538– 43 (1910), 543.
- See Jaan Kross, Professor Martens’ Departure, trans. Anselm Hollo (London:
Harvill, 1994 [1984]). - On Renault, see La Pradelle, Maîtres et doctrines, 249– 61.
- George A. Finch, Th e Sources of International Law (Washington, DC: Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 1937), 41. - Martens, Tra i t é , vol. 1, 219– 30.
- Ibid., 232– 33.
- Fauchille, Louis Renault, 20– 24.
- Barbara W. Tuchman, Th e Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World before the War
1890 – 1914 (New York: Macmillan, 1966), 332, quoting Baron Marschall von Bieber-
stein, the German delegate to the Second Hague Peace Conference of 1907. - See, on this point, C. H. Alexandrowicz, An Introduction to the History of the
Law of Nations in the East Indies (16th, 17th and 18th Centuries) (Ox ford: Clarendon
Press, 1967), 234– 37. - William Edward Hall, A Treatise on International Law, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Claren-
don Press, 1890), 42. - Lewis Henry Morgan, Ancient Society (New York: H. Holt, 1877), 8– 18.
- See James Lorimer, Institutes, vol. 1, 101– 3; Th edore D. Woolsey, Introduction to
the Study of International Law, 5th ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1878), 3– 4;
Henry Bonfi ls, Manuel de droit international public, 1st ed. (Paris: Rousseau, 1894),
23– 24, 108; and Ernest Nys, Le droit international: Les principes, les théories, les faits,
vol. 1 (Brussels: Weissenbruch, 1912), 132– 37. See also Ram Prakash Anand, “Univer-
sality of International Law: An Asian Perspective,” in Th ilo Marauhn and Heinhard
Steiger, eds., Universality and Continuity in International Law, 87– 105 (Th e Hague:
Eleven, 2011), 95– 99. - On the concept of “civilized” states in international law, see generally Gerrit W.
Gong, Th e Standard of “Civilization” in International Society (Ox ford: Clarendon
Press, 1984); and Wilhelm G. Grewe, Th e Epochs of International Law, trans. Michael
Byers (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000), 445– 58. - Phillimore, Commentaries, vol. 1, 23– 24.
- Bonfi ls, Manuel, 109.
- Antonio Truyol y Serra, “L’expansion de la société internationale aux XIXe et
XXe siècles,” 116 RdC 89– 179 (1965), 153– 54.
Notes to Pages 307–312 529