Index 627Walz, Gustav Adolf, 388, 389
War, conduct of: in ancient India, 16– 17;
in ancient China, 20– 21; in ancient
Greece, 27– 29, 35; in medieval Eu rope,
73, 83– 86; in the Islamic world, 95, 96;
in early modern Eu rope, 149– 150;
Grotius on, 159, 165; Pufendorf on,
176– 177; pragmatist writers on, 191– 192;
Vattel on, 198; Grégoire on, 209;
maritime, 212– 213; Lieber Code, 303,
323; Declaration of St. Petersburg, 320;
Institute of International Law codes,
323; Brussels projet, 323, 324– 325;
Hague Rules, 324– 325, 327; Hague
declarations and Conventions concern-
ing, 325, 327– 328; chemical weapons,
325, 361; aerial, 361; nuclear weapons,
442– 443. See also Geneva Conventions;
Nuremberg Trials; Tactics, prohibited;
Tokyo Trials; War crimes; Weapons,
prohibited
War, declarations of, 32– 33, 84, 149,
164– 165, 171, 208, 315, 336; Hague
Convention on, 327
War, legal conceptions of: in Sumer, 14;
in ancient China, 20; in ancient Greece,
26, 27; ius gentium and, 48, 64, 148; in
medieval Eu rope, 51, 56– 57, 58– 59; in
Islamic world, 96– 97, 98, 99; Grotius
on, 163– 165; anarchy as, 169, 188; in
mainstream positivism, 253– 256, 361,
- See also Just- war doctrine,
medieval; Just- war ideas, ancient;
Just- war ideas, modern; Mea sures short
of war; Self- defense
War, mea sures short of. See Mea sures short
of war
War, resort to, in League of Nations
Covenant, 352. See also Aggression;
Just- war doctrine, medieval; Just- war
ideas, ancient; Just- war ideas, modern;
Mea sures short of war; Pact of Paris;
Use of force, prohibition against; War,
declarations of
War crimes, 402, 472; in ancient Greece,
28– 29; aggression as, 349; in World War
I, 349– 351; in World War II, 397, 398,
399; in Yugo slavia civil wars, 439, 448;
International Criminal Court and, 450;
sexual violence, 463, 464; universal
jurisdiction over, 469. See also Aggres-
sion: as an international crime; Crimes
against humanity; Crimes against the
peace; Geneva Conventions; Genocide;
War, conduct of
Ward, Robert, 209– 210
Wars: Persian, 10; Peloponnesian, 27– 29;
Th irty Years War, 139, 143; French
Revolutionar y, 207– 208, 210, 211– 212,
222; Franco- Prussian, 298, 314;
Crimean, 299, 312, 319; American Civil
War, 299, 329; World War I, 300, 302,
339, 349 – 351; Opiu m, 312– 313, 316, 335;
Sino- Japanese, 314– 315, 317; Russo-
Japanese, 315; World War II, 344,
346– 347, 393– 394, 400; Korean, 404,- See also Civil wars; Kuwait crisis
Washington, George, 1– 2, 196, 271– 272
Washington, Treaty of, 298– 299, 329
Washington Rules, 299, 329
Weapons, prohibited: poisoned weapons,
17, 165, 198; barbed weapons, 17;
crossbows, 83– 84, 320; exploding
bullets, 320; expanding (dum dum)
bullets, 325; asphyxiating gases, 325, 361
Weber, Joha n n Wol fga ng. See Textor,
Johann Wolfgang
Webster, Daniel, 219, 247
Weil, Prosper, 417– 418, 419, 451
Wells, H. G., 343, 430
West, Benjamin, 130
Western Sahara. See Spanish Sahara
Westlake, John, 229, 246, 300– 301, 303,
304, 305, 307, 330, 347, 351
Westphalia, Peace of, 139– 140, 188, 207, 347
Wharton, Francis, 302– 303, 304
Wheaton, Henry, 228, 246, 263, 304, 306,
307; translations of, 229, 313, 314
Wildman, Richard, 228
William II (of Germany), 239, 306, 350
William of Ockham, 222, 223
Wilson, Edward O., 12
Wilson, Woodrow, 275, 347, 352– 353, 371,
372