Convention of Alliance between Russia and England
The king of Poland declares void the manifesto published at the
beginning of the war against the king of Sweden. The alliances
made against Sweden are canceled. Both parties will unite their
strength against the tsars of Moscow until reparations for dam-
ages are paid. The numbers of troops to aid in this endeavor will
be decided later. If Sweden acquires territory from Russia that
was previously owned by Poland, Sweden will return the terri-
tories to Poland. Sweden will keep troops in the territory of
Poland in order to repulse the enemy.
Poland will maintain peace and security for the Protestants in
Poland and Lithuania. There will be freedom of commerce
between the two parties. Navigation of the Warta will be free,
and all the windmills built on it that prevent navigation will be
destroyed. The ports of Polangen that were opened to the detri-
ment of Livonia and Prussia will be closed. The king of Sweden
can establish posts in Poland.
2.1054 Convention of Alliance between Russia
and England
Alliance Members:Russia and England
Signed On:October 17, 1715, in the city of Greifswald (Germany)
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 29, p. 311.
SUMMARY
Though Peter the Great was always distrustful of England, Russia and
England signed an alliance in 1715 purposely relating to the British
king’s capacity as elector of Hanover. By agreeing to an alliance,
Hanover joined the Russian side in the Great Northern War.
Hanover’s entry into the Great Northern War was driven largely by
opportunism. Because Sweden, a major power, suffered repeated set-
backs to Russian forces in the later stages of conflict, Hanover threw its
lot behind the Russians in order to acquire additional territory. By
war’s end, Hanover had gained possession of Bremen-Verden from the
Swedes according to the Treaty of Stockholm in 1719.
Description of Terms
The parties pledged to fight together in the current conflict.
Russia guaranteed to Hanover the duchies of Bremen and Ver-
den, and Hanover guaranteed Russian holdings in Ingria, Kare-
lia, and Estonia. Both agreed to prosecute the war with all ener-
gies and, toward that end, both sent ministers to Berlin to
arrange a convention that included Russia.
Notably, King George agreed as king of Great Britain to
advance the interests of Russia whenever possible. Russia
pledged to advance the interests of Britain as well.
2.1055 Treaty of Alliance among the Holy
Roman Emperor, Spain, Great Britain, and the
Netherlands
Alliance Members:Holy Roman Emperor, Spain, Great Britain, and
the Netherlands
Signed On:November 15, 1715, in the city of Antwerp (Belgium)
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 29, p. 333.SUMMARY
The alliance signed by the Holy Roman Emperor, Spain, Great
Britain, and the Netherlands was the final of three barrier treaties
signed during the War of the Spanish Succession. The terms of the
treaty outlined territorial secessions and placed boundaries on
defensive positions.
According to the terms of the treaty, Prussia ceded to the Dutch
Republic several cities in the upper portions of Guelder in the Low
Countries. Further, the accord afforded the Netherlands the right to
place garrisons continuously from the Meuse River to the North Sea.
The terms of the treaty were repackaged into a complementary treaty
in 1718 and renewed in a treaty in 1728 between Great Britain and the
Netherlands.Description of Terms
This alliance is between the Holy Roman Emperor, Spain, Great
Britain, and the Netherlands to establish a barrier for the
Netherlands. The Netherlands will return to the Imperial and
Catholic Majesty the cities and land that were previously his.
The Imperial and Catholic Majesty promises to never give those
cities and land to France, Germany, or Austria. Spain will pro-
vide three-fifths of the 30,000 men for the promised barrier for
the Netherlands, who will provide the remaining two-fifths. In
case of war, the number will be raised to 40,000 in the same
proportions.
Spain pledges to the Netherlands a private garrison of Span-
ish troops in the cities of Namur, Tournay, Menin, Furnes, War-
neton, Ypres, and Fort Knocque. In the city of Dendremonde,
there will be a common garrison. The Netherlands can choose
the governors for those cities. Spain gives freedom of religion to
the soldiers in garrison as long as they practice discretely and
try to avoid religious confrontations. There will be free passage
for all war-related material, and messages will be sent freely
across the barrier.2.1056 Alliance against the Turks
Alliance Members:Holy Roman Emperor and Venice
Signed On:April 13, 1716, in the city of Vienna
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 29, p. 435.