Treaty of Defensive Alliance among Russia, Sweden, and the Holy Roman Emperor
- That all that may be captured in this war in the sea by the
two allied nations on the same occasion, shall be by them
divided [not excluding] even the munitions and things of
importance, the said spoils being first conducted to a port in the
Portuguese dominion, and next to a port in the dominion of
Great Britain, and all other things will go alternately (to the
ports of the Portuguese and the English). The same practice will
be pursued on the land with this difference that the spoils will
be taken to the camp where everything except cattle will be
equally divided between the two nations. The cattle will be
divided by the officers and soldiers of the two nations.
- That in case goods belonging to any of the (two) nations
enter the ports or strongholds that may be taken from the said
enemy (Angria), they will not pay duties for the commodities
they may carry there, but duties will be taken only for what is
sold in the said ports and strongholds.
- That each nation shall put in the field two thousand
infantry with officers in proportion, and with cavalry that may
be ready. If necessary a bigger body of infantry will be put in the
field by both parties. In the sea five Pals will be put by each side
with smaller vessels as may be necessary.
- Each corps whether on land or on the sea shall spend (use)
munitions on its sovereign’s account. In case one of them
requires while the other possesses it, the necessary quantity shall
be given at a just price.
- That the fortress of Colaba and the district under its juris-
diction shall belong to the Crown of Portugal, the subjects of
Great Britain shall maintain there a house like it (the fortress?).
The fortress of Griem and the district under its jurisdiction shall
belong to the Crown of Great Britain and the subjects of the
Crown of Portugal shall maintain there a house like it. In case
the subjects of the Crown of Great Britain desire to demolish the
said fortress of Griem, it will be done by both the nations and in
that case the artillery and the munitions shall be portioned by
the two nations and an equivalent (share) will be given to the
subjects of Great Britain out of Colaba and its jurisdiction, in
which the Island of Candrim (Kenery) will be counted.
- That all soldiers who may desert from one dominion to
the other shall be restored without taking them into service.
More than one representation from the governor of the country
whence they have fled to the governor of the country where
they have fled, forgiving the deserters their offense will be nec-
essary for their restoration.
- If spoils are taken from the country of either of the
nations, they shall be after proper proofs have been produced at
once restored to the owner.
- That those deserters, who may seek the protection of
either of the crowns, after committing in the country they had
left a capital offense, shall not be restored.
- That after these fourteen articles of alliance have been
ratified, the execution of the project will be undertaken, reserv-
ing for Their Majesties of Portugal and Great Britain for ever all
the rights they claim.—Goa, 20th August, 1721,
Jo ̄ ao Rodrigues Machado
2.1065 Treaty of Defensive Alliance among
Russia, Sweden, and the Holy Roman Emperor
Alliance Members:Russia, Sweden, and the Holy Roman Emperor
Signed On:February 22, 1724, in the city of Stockholm
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 31, p. 465.
SUMMARY
Following the Great Northern War that resulted in the demise of the
Swedish Empire, former adversaries Russia and Sweden signed a
defensive alliance. Both sides agreed to support the peace between
them and to defend the other state when attacked. The alliance was to
last for twelve years.
Sweden later tried to undermine the terms of the alliance after the
death of Augustus II in 1733. Sweden backed Stanislaus, who was a
protégé of Charles XII and former signatory to a Great Northern War
alliance with Sweden, to the displeasure of Russia. At the time, Sweden
hoped that Stanislaus would create a new Polish-Swedish alliance to
expel the Russians from the Baltic. The tide turned against any revi-
sionist intentions of Sweden, however. Stanislaus, under severe pres-
sure from Russia, abdicated his position three years into his rule and
was replaced with the son of Augustus II. The abdication confirmed
that Poland was under strong Russian influence. Sweden relented and
eventually renewed its alliance with Russia in 1735.
Description of Terms
The parties pledge peace and reaffirm the peace treaty con-
cluded at Newstad. This treaty is to preserve peace and tranquil-
ity. Both sides will advise the other in case of danger. If either
side is attacked, the other side will send troops after three or
four months of notification depending on the season.
In case of war, Sweden will send 8,000 infantrymen, 2,000
knights, 6 warships with 50 to 70 pieces of cannon, and 3
frigates of 30 pieces of cannon each. Russia will provide Swe-
den, in case of war, 12,000 infantrymen, 4,000 knights, 9 war-
ships with 50 to 70 pieces of cannon, and 3 frigates with 30
pieces of cannon each. The troops will be maintained by the
owner except for the munitions and food. The warships will be
maintained by the owner for a period of four months, and after
that time the attacked country will continue ship maintenance.
The general will have control over the auxiliary troops. The
attacked will help the sick of the auxiliary troops. If the number
of auxiliary troops is not enough, the assisting nation will send
more. During time of war the attacked may purchase any neces-
sary material from the assisting state.
Both sides will not engage in another alliance that would under-
mine this treaty. Neither side will make peace without the con-
sent of the other in the case of a war in which both are involved
due to this alliance. Any other power is allowed to join this
alliance if both sides agree. This alliance will last twelve years.
