Treaty of Alliance between Prussia and Sweden
SUMMARY
While conflict was ongoing in Italy during the War of Austrian Succes-
sion, Austria and Sardinia signed an offensive alliance in May 1747.
Alliance planning centered on a second siege of Genoa. When Genoa
entered into the War of Austrian Succession, Austria responded with
an attack on Genoa that resulted in Austrian occupation by 1746. A
popular uprising then resulted in the expulsion of Austrian troops
from Genoa. Austria vowed to recapture Genoa and enlisted Sardinian
forces to assist in the siege.
The second siege of Genoa ultimately proved unsuccessful. France
assisted in the defense of Genoa, frustrating the Austrians and Sardini-
ans. Further, the second siege came as the hostilities associated with
the War of Austrian Succession were coming to a close. The Treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle was concluded in 1748.
Description of Terms
The king of Sardinia, sending 1,500 men, pledged to join the
Imperial Armies in front of the city of Genoa. In case of victory,
the city of Genoa would be transferred to the empress of Hun-
gary. The fortresses were to be conquered by the Imperial
Majesty alone, and the city as well as all the country of Genoa
would belong to the empress; her possessions were to exclude
the lands of the marquisate of Savone, which were to be con-
trolled by the King of Sardinia.
The money for the maintenance of the troops would be
shared between the two nations and the British fleet. The king
of Sardinia would provide 1,500 men, ten cannons, seven mor-
tars, and two warships. Common expenses would be paid in a
one-quarter proportion. The king of Sardinia would send his
troops before ratifications. The prisoners and the artillery in the
city of Genoa would be returned to the respective allied powers.
England would be asked to join the treaty.
2.1092 Treaty of Alliance between Prussia and
Sweden
Alliance Members:Prussia and Sweden
Signed On:May 18, 1747, in the city of Stockholm
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 38, p. 121.
SUMMARY
In the latter stages of the War of Austrian Succession, Russia had
hoped to use its new influence in Sweden to assist in a war effort
against the Prussians. All Russian efforts in Sweden proved ineffective,
however, as pro-Russian political parties in Sweden were incapable of
capturing power, and pro-Russian figureheads proved impotent.
Indeed, Prussia and Sweden actually signed an alliance in May 1747 to
which France later acceded.
This alliance had no discernible impact on the War of Austrian Suc-
cession, which was nearing a close. The Diplomatic Revolution essen-
tially voided the treaty between the Prussians and the Swedes, and in
1757 Sweden joined an alliance during the Seven Years War that pit
Sweden against Prussia.Description of Terms
Both parties pledged that there would be a sincere friendship
and a defensive alliance between the two countries. Because the
two kings declared having no engagements that ran contrary to
this alliance, they promised to communicate everything that
could influence their interests. According to the text, the princi-
pal goal of this alliance was to preserve all the present posses-
sions of the two countries in Europe.
The terms of the treaty state that the assisting country must
help within two months after notification by the party attacked.
In such case, Prussia would provide 6,000 infantrymen, 3,000
knights, and artillery proportional to that number of troops.
Sweden would provide 4,000 infantrymen, 2,000 knights, and
artillery proportional to that number of troops. The treaty
assured that the assisting country’s troops would not be used
separately and would be treated equally to the troops of the
attacked country. The assisting country would maintain its
troops except for food for horses and necessary provisions.
The treaty was set to last ten years. Russia would be invited to
join the treaty.2.1093 Treaty of Alliance among Austria-Hun-
gary, Spain, and Sardinia (Treaty of Aranjuez)
Alliance Members:Austria-Hungary, Spain, Sardinia, Parma (January
23, 1753), and Tuscany (January 23, 1753)
Signed On:June 14, 1752, in the city of Aranjuez (Spain)
Alliance Type:Defense Pact (Type I)
Source:Consolidated Treaty Series,vol. 39, p. 425.SUMMARY
After extensive negotiations, Austria, Sardinia, and Spain signed an
alliance in June of 1752. The treaty in many ways came about as a
means of reconciliation for Ysabel II, queen of Spain, and Maria
Theresa of Austria, who were cousins. Sardinia was a Spanish interest;
thus by including the Spanish queen in the alliance, Maria Theresa was
assured that Sardinia would not be a threat.
Four years later, Austria renewed hostilities with the Prussians. The
alliance signed among Austria, Sardinia, and Spain held as all three
sides were involved in the effort against Prussia and Prussian allies. In
the end, the mutual defense pact lasted more than fifty years.Description of Terms
This alliance normalized relations between Austria-Hungary
and the Spanish Empire, and those parties pledged mutual
security and common defense. Both parties recognized their
respective interests in Italy, interests that were further guaran-
teed by the inclusion of Sardinia in the treaty.